Psychopathic personality traits and temporal perspective: A test of the short time horizon hypothesis
Psychopathic personality traits and temporal perspective: A test of the short time horizon hypothesis
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02229050
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发表时间：
1996-09-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Rowland, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lilienfeld, SO;Hess, T;Rowland, C
许多作者提出，精神病患者拥有异常狭窄的时间范围（即对未来的缩短感）。本文以101名大学生为研究对象，对他们进行了心理变态人格特征、反社会行为和正常范围人格特征自述指数的测试；(2)时间视角自述指标；(3)时间透视的投影检验；(4)精神病/反社会行为的测量与评估对未来的关注的几个自我报告指数和评估对未来事件的思考频率的投射任务呈负相关，尽管只有一个与后一个任务的相关性显著。在大多数情况下，这些相关性不能归因于精神病/反社会行为和（低）焦虑倾向的测量所共有的差异，尽管在避免伤害的水平得到控制后，一些相关性显著降低。相比之下，精神病/反社会行为的测量与实验室任务的相关性可以忽略不计。这些结果为短时间范围假说提供了混合支持，并建议进一步关注方法因素在未来时间视角调查中的作用是必要的。
A number of authors have proposed that psychopathic individuals possess an abnormally constricted time horizon (i.e., foreshortened sense of the future). This hypothesis was tested among 101 undergraduates, who were administered a battery of (I) self-report indices of psychopathic personality traits, antisocial behavior and normal-range personality traits; (2) self-report indices of time perspective; (3) projective tests of time perspective; and (4) laboratory tasks assessing time estimation and capacity for foresight and impulse control Measures of psychopathy/antisocial behavior tended to be negatively correlated with several self-report indices assessing preoccupation with the future and with a projective task assessing the frequency of thoughts concerning future events, although only one of the correlations with this latter task was significant. In most cases these correlations were not attributable to the variance shared by measures of psychopathy/antisocial behavior and measures of (low) anxiety-proneness, although several correlations decreased substantially after levels of harmavoidance were controlled. In contrast, measures of psychopathy/antisocial behavior were negligibly correlated with laboratory tasks. These results provide mixed support for the short time horizon hypothesis and suggest that further attention to the role of method factors in investigations of future time perspective is warranted.