The biofuel connection – transnational activism and the palm oil boom
The biofuel connection – transnational activism and the palm oil boom
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生物燃料的联系——跨国行动主义和棕榈油繁荣
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Oliver Pye
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oliver Pye
2008年12月，欧洲议会通过了10%的“可再生能源”强制性目标，这在东南亚掀起了对棕榈油的疯狂投资，反过来又导致了新的跨国运动联盟的出现。印尼环境和土地正义运动的关键作用、欧洲团体的扩大和激进化，以及跨国活动人士将这些团体联系在一起的方式，塑造了联盟建设的具体动态、政治战略和棕榈油行动主义的影响。竞选活动成功地引发了一场围绕棕榈油和生物燃料的跨国政治辩论，并影响了欧洲的公众舆论。农民活动家通过将生物多样性和气候变化问题与粮食主权结合起来，并将对生物燃料的批评纳入全球气候正义运动中，发挥了重要作用。然而，在跨国层面上，不满的棕榈油小农和种植园工人明显缺席。在农业运动和种植园工人之间建立联盟，可以通过利用棕榈油工业所特有的跨国社会和经济空间所提供的潜力，加强反对生物燃料的运动。
The 10 percent mandatory target for ‘renewable energy’ adopted by the European Parliament in December 2008 is fuelling a frenzy of investment in palm oil across Southeast Asia, leading in turn to the emergence of new, transnational campaign alliances. The specific dynamics of alliance building, political strategies and impacts of palm oil activism are shaped by the key role of the Indonesian environmental and agrarian justice movement, the broadening and radicalisation of groups in Europe and the ways in which these are interconnected by transnational activists. Campaigning has been successful in creating a transnational political debate around palm oil and biofuels and in influencing public opinion in Europe. Peasant activists have played an important role by combining issues of biodiversity and climate change with food sovereignty and by embedding the critique of biofuels within the global movement for climate justice. However, discontented palm oil smallholders and plantation workers are conspicuously absent at the transnational level. Building alliances between agrarian movements and plantation workers could strengthen the movement against biofuels by tapping into the potential offered by the transnational social and economic spaces which characterise the palm oil industry.