Essential elements of questionnaire design and development
Essential elements of questionnaire design and development
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01573.x
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Jones, Martyn C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rattray, Janice;Jones, Martyn C.
目标。本文的目的是（1）提高对问卷开发和随后的心理测量评估问题的认识，（2）提供策略，使护理研究人员能够设计和开发自己的测量和评估现有护理措施的质量。近年来，护士开发的问卷数量有所增加。虽然严格适用于调查问卷的开发过程可能会有所改善，我们知道，护士仍然普遍不擅长新措施的心理测量评估。本文探讨了一个可靠的和有效的问卷可以开发的过程。我们批判性地评估了与问卷设计和开发相关的理论和方法问题，并在每个开发阶段提出了一系列启发式决策策略。可用的规模的范围内，我们讨论的战略，使项目的生成和发展。说明先验的原型措施中预期的因素的数量的重要性被强调。采用项目分析和探索性因素分析探讨了量表的信度和效度问题，并以近期护理研究文献为例进行了说明。调查表的设计和编制必须得到逻辑、系统和结构化方法的支持。为了帮助这个过程中，我们提出了一个框架，支持这一点，并提出策略，以证明新的和发展中的措施的可靠性和有效性。在使用这种数据收集方法开发护理实践的证据基础时，问卷设计结合预先计划的方法以建立可靠性和有效性是至关重要的。未能充分开发问卷可能会导致难以解释结果，这可能会影响临床或教育实践。本文件对调查表的设计和编制过程进行了严格的评价，并展示了这一过程每个阶段的良好做法。
Aims. The aims of this paper were (1) to raise awareness of the issues in questionnaire development and subsequent psychometric evaluation, and (2) to provide strategies to enable nurse researchers to design and develop their own measure and evaluate the quality of existing nursing measures.Background. The number of questionnaires developed by nurses has increased in recent years. While the rigour applied to the questionnaire development process may be improving, we know that nurses are still not generally adept at the psychometric evaluation of new measures. This paper explores the process by which a reliable and valid questionnaire can be developed.Methods. We critically evaluate the theoretical and methodological issues associated with questionnaire design and development and present a series of heuristic decision-making strategies at each stage of such development. The range of available scales is presented and we discuss strategies to enable item generation and development. The importance of stating a priori the number of factors expected in a prototypic measure is emphasized. Issues of reliability and validity are explored using item analysis and exploratory factor analysis and illustrated using examples from recent nursing research literature.Conclusion. Questionnaire design and development must be supported by a logical, systematic and structured approach. To aid this process we present a framework that supports this and suggest strategies to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the new and developing measure.Relevance to clinical practice. In developing the evidence base of nursing practice using this method of data collection, it is vital that questionnaire design incorporates preplanned methods to establish reliability and validity. Failure to develop a questionnaire sufficiently may lead to difficulty interpreting results, and this may impact upon clinical or educational practice. This paper presents a critical evaluation of the questionnaire design and development process and demonstrates good practice at each stage of this process.