The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas
The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas
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DOI：
10.1088/1741-4326/abf99f
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
M. Hoelzl;G. Huijsmans;S. Pamela;M. Becoulet;E. Nardon;F. Artola;B. Nkonga;C. Atanasiu;V. Banda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Hoelzl;G. Huijsmans;S. Pamela;M. Becoulet;E. Nardon;F. Artola;B. Nkonga;C. Atanasiu;V. Banda
JOREK是一个大规模并行的全隐式非线性扩展磁流体动力学（MHD）程序，用于真实的托卡马克X点等离子体。它已成为研究大规模等离子体不稳定性及其控制的广泛使用的通用模拟代码，并在大力参与欧洲聚变研究方案和热核实验堆组织的国际社会中不断开发。本文给出了一个全面的概述实现的物理模型，数值方法应用于求解方程和物理研究与代码。一个专门的部分强调了为代码所做的一些验证工作。不同的物理模型的层次结构是可用的，包括一个自由边界和电阻壁扩展和混合动力学流体模型。该代码允许通量表面对齐等参有限元网格在单和双X点等离子体，可以扩展到真正的物理壁，并使用一个强大的全隐式时间步进。特别关注的是奠定了等离子体边缘和刮削层（SOL）的物理以及中断相关的现象。在JOREK获得的关于等离子体边缘和SOL的关键结果中，对边缘局域模（ELMs）、ELM周期和ELM控制的动态有了深刻的了解，这些动态是通过共振磁扰动、弹丸注入以及垂直磁反冲实现的。此外ELM自由制度，脱离物理，在ELM过程中的杂质的产生和运输，以及在基座区域的静电湍流进行了研究。关于中断，重点是热淬火（TQ）和电流淬火的动力学触发的大量气体注入和破碎的颗粒注入，逃逸电子（RE）动力学以及RE与MHD模式的相互作用，和垂直位移事件。此外，种子和抑制撕裂模式（TM），自然发生的TQs的动力学触发锁定模式，辐射崩溃正在研究中。
JOREK is a massively parallel fully implicit non-linear extended magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) code for realistic tokamak X-point plasmas. It has become a widely used versatile simulation code for studying large-scale plasma instabilities and their control and is continuously developed in an international community with strong involvements in the European fusion research programme and ITER organization. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the physics models implemented, numerical methods applied for solving the equations and physics studies performed with the code. A dedicated section highlights some of the verification work done for the code. A hierarchy of different physics models is available including a free boundary and resistive wall extension and hybrid kinetic-fluid models. The code allows for flux-surface aligned iso-parametric finite element grids in single and double X-point plasmas which can be extended to the true physical walls and uses a robust fully implicit time stepping. Particular focus is laid on plasma edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) physics as well as disruption related phenomena. Among the key results obtained with JOREK regarding plasma edge and SOL, are deep insights into the dynamics of edge localized modes (ELMs), ELM cycles, and ELM control by resonant magnetic perturbations, pellet injection, as well as by vertical magnetic kicks. Also ELM free regimes, detachment physics, the generation and transport of impurities during an ELM, and electrostatic turbulence in the pedestal region are investigated. Regarding disruptions, the focus is on the dynamics of the thermal quench (TQ) and current quench triggered by massive gas injection and shattered pellet injection, runaway electron (RE) dynamics as well as the RE interaction with MHD modes, and vertical displacement events. Also the seeding and suppression of tearing modes (TMs), the dynamics of naturally occurring TQs triggered by locked modes, and radiative collapses are being studied.