Thunder In the Mountains: The West Virginia Mine War, 1920–21
Thunder In the Mountains: The West Virginia Mine War, 1920–21
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山中雷霆：西弗吉尼亚州地雷战争，1920-21
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发表时间：
1986
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lon Savage
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作者：
Lon Savage
1920年至1921年的西弗吉尼亚矿业战争是一场大规模的平民起义，双方的暴行都非同寻常，即使以煤田的标准来衡量，也是如此。数千名工会和非工会矿工、州警察和私人警察、民兵和联邦军队都参与了这场起义。在内战结束之前，西弗吉尼亚州的三个县公开叛乱，该州的大部分地区处于军事统治之下，美国陆军航空兵的轰炸机被派往罢工的矿工，这场内战的起源是煤炭公司对阿巴拉契亚地区骄傲的矿工的严厉统治。它开始于一个铁路小镇马特万，当时市长C。C.特斯特曼和警察局长希德·哈特菲尔德站在罢工矿工一边，反对鲍德温-费尔特侦探社的特工，后者试图将矿工从公司拥有的住房中驱逐出去。在一次巷战中，特斯特曼市长、七名鲍德温-费尔特公司的探员和两名矿工被枪杀，哈特菲尔德成了阿巴拉契亚的民间英雄。但他和特斯特曼一样，是一个殉道者。第二年夏天，鲍德温-费尔特的特工在韦尔奇法院的台阶上暗杀了他和他最好的朋友艾德·钱伯斯，两人的妻子亲眼目睹了这一幕，矿工叛乱由此加速演变成公开战争。《山中之雷》是唯一一本描述1920年西弗吉尼亚州矿难期间美国劳资关系和治理危机的书。21. "
The West Virginia mine war of 1920-21, a major civil insurrection of unusual brutality on both sides, even by the standards of the coal fields, involved thousands of union and nonunion miners, state and private police, militia, and federal troops. Before it was over, three West Virginia counties were in open rebellion, much of the state was under military rule, and bombers of the U.S. Army Air Corps had been dispatched against striking miners.The origins of this civil war were in the Draconian rule of the coal companies over the fiercely proud miners of Appalachia. It began in the small railroad town of Matewan when Mayor C. C. Testerman and Police Chief Sid Hatfield sided with striking miners against agents of the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, who attempted to evict the miners from company-owned housing. During a street battle, Mayor Testerman, seven Baldwin-Felts agents, and two miners were shot to death.Hatfield became a folk hero to Appalachia. But he, like Testerman, was to be a martyr. The next summer, Baldwin-Felts agents assassinated him and his best friend, Ed Chambers, as their wives watched, on the steps of the courthouse in Welch, accelerating the miners rebellion into open warfare.Much neglected in historical accounts, "Thunder in the Mountains" is the only available book-length account of the crisis in American industrial relations and governance that occured during the West Virginia mine war of 1920-21."