ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF MATING SYSTEMS OF FIDDLER CRABS (GENUS UCA)
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF MATING SYSTEMS OF FIDDLER CRABS (GENUS UCA)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-185x.1984.tb00412.x
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
SALMON, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CHRISTY, JH;SALMON, M
1.招潮蟹的自然历史和行为的一般说明表明，在该属中存在两种广泛的交配模式。大多数西部和印度太平洋物种在靠近洞穴的潮间带基质表面交配。在求偶和交配期间，两性只进行短暂的交往。与此相反，许多美洲物种的雄性会从雌性前来交配的洞穴中求爱，并保护洞穴。交配发生在地下的洞穴中，在表面堵塞;性别通常保持在一起至少几个小时。pugilator，一种美洲物种，和U. vocans，一种广泛分布于西部和印度太平洋的物种。我们指出，这两个物种的繁殖生态的差异可能会导致在属的两个广泛的交配模式的性选择模式的基本差异。pugilatorburrows在受保护的桑迪基板上的潮间带和潮上带。在退潮时，非繁殖蟹离开它们在涨潮时占据的洞穴，在较低的潮间带食物丰富的基质上觅食。繁殖活跃的男性留在洞穴区，他们争取和捍卫洞穴，他们法院。大的男性赢得大多数的洞穴斗争，往往捍卫洞穴高的海拔梯度，特别是在相对较高的潮汐期间。雌性在选择配偶之前，通常会先接近并进入几个雄性的洞穴，然后留在雄性的洞穴里。雄性会在地下与配偶呆上1-3天，直到它们产卵。一些雄性随后出现并离开洞穴，而另一些则将它们的配偶隔离在交配和产卵发生的房间中，挖掘新的房间并恢复求偶，也许会吸引更多的雌性。在任何一种情况下，雌性都会在地下呆上大约两周，最后出来释放它们的幼虫。洞穴不会因为潮汐或地下水的淹没而坍塌，最适合繁殖，通常位于海拔梯度相对较高的地方。雌性通过选择在洞穴中繁殖来间接地选择配偶，这些洞穴在它们产卵和孵蛋时保持完整。大的雄性比小的雄性更容易交配，因为它们能够更好地保护雌性喜欢繁殖的洞穴。研究表明，该菌的交配系统是一个完整的系统。拳击手可以被归类为资源防御型一夫多妻制。在中低潮间带的开放的泥质基质中的vocansburrows。在澳大利亚春达湾附近的一个地点，人们深入研究了该物种的繁殖行为，两性都在它们所保护的洞穴附近觅食。与雄性相比，雌性往往占据洞穴的时间更长，移动的距离更短。交配发生在靠近雌性保护的洞穴的表面。雌性可以接受本地的和流浪的雄性作为配偶。它们没有表现出与体型较大的雄性交配的偏好。雌性的选择可能基于雄性的其他形态或行为特征。雌性在水面或洞穴中产卵。它们产生相对较小的窝，并在整个繁殖期内活跃在水面上。雄性会与邻居和游荡的雄性搏斗。大型雄性往往会赢得战斗，并在大型雌性产卵相对较多的地方保卫洞穴。这些区域可能比较小的雌性占据的区域提供更大的保护免受掠食者的侵害。小雄性交配约经常作为大男性，但可能父亲较少的幼虫。交配...
1. General accounts of the natural history and behaviour of fiddler crabs suggest there exist two broad mating patterns in the genus. Most western and Indo‐Pacific species mate on the surface of intertidal substrates near burrows females defend. The sexes associate only briefly during courtship and mating. In contrast, males of many American species court from and defend burrows to which females come for mating. Copulation occurs underground in burrows plugged at the surface; the sexes usually remain together for at least several hours.Here we summarize and contrast recent detailed field studies of the mating systems ofU. pugilator, an American species, andU. vocans, a species widely distributed in the western and Indo‐Pacific. We indicate how differences in the breeding ecology of these two species may account for basic differences in modes of sexual selection leading to the two broad mating patterns in the genus.2.U. pugilatorburrows in protected sandy substrates in the upper intertidal and supratidal zone. During ebb tide, nonbreeding crabs leave burrows they occupy during high tide to forage on food‐rich substrates in the lower intertidal zone. Reproductively active males remain in the burrow zone where they fight for and defend burrows from which they court. Large males win most fights for burrows and tend to defend burrows high on the elevation gradient, especially during periods with relatively high tides. Females usually approach and descend the burrows of several males before choosing their mates by remaining in males' burrows. Males remain underground with their mates for 1–3 days until after they oviposit their eggs. Some males then emerge and leave their burrows while others sequester their mates in the chambers where mating and oviposition has occurred, dig new chambers and resume courtship, perhaps attracting additional females. In either case, females remain underground for approximately 2 weeks, finally emerging to release their planktonic larvae. Burrows that do not collapse due to tidal inundation or flooding by groundwater are best for breeding and usually are located relatively high on the elevation gradient. Females choose mates indirectly by preferring to breed in burrows that will remain intact while they oviposit and incubate their eggs. Large males mate more often than small males because they are better able to defend burrows at locations females prefer to breed. The mating system ofU. pugilatormay be classified as resource‐defence polygyny.3.U. vocansburrows in open muddy substrates in the mid‐ to lower intertidal zone. At a site near Chunda Bay, Australia, where the reproductive behaviour of this species has been studied in depth, both sexes feed near burrows they defend. Females tend to occupy their burrows for longer periods and move shorter distances than do males. Mating occurs on the surface near the burrows that females defend. Females accept both resident and wandering males as mates. They show no preference for mating with larger males. Female choice may be based on other male morphological or behavioural characteristics. Females oviposit their eggs either while on the surface or in their burrows. They produce relatively small clutches and are active on the surface throughout their breeding periods. Males fight both their neighbours and wandering males. Large males tend to win fights and defend burrows in areas where large females, which produce relatively many eggs, are most dense. Such areas may offer greater protection from predators than areas occupied by smaller females. Small males mate about as often as large males but may father fewer larvae. The mating …