THE LINGUISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF GENIE
THE LINGUISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF GENIE
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精灵的语言发展
DOI：
10.2307/412222
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发表时间：
1974
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Marilyn Rigler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Curtiss;V. Fromkin;S. Krashen;D. Rigler;Marilyn Rigler
本文讨论了吉妮（Genie）的语言发展，她是一名青春期女孩，一生中的大部分时间都经历着科学研究报告中无与伦比的一定程度的社会孤立和经历剥夺。这个案例涉及心理学家、哲学家和语言学家深感兴趣的问题，包括认知和语言之间的关系、语言能力和表现的相互依赖或自主性、语言背后的心理能力、语言学习的普遍阶段、语言习得的关键年龄以及语言的生物学基础。*对在极端社会孤立环境中长大的儿童案例的兴趣至少可以追溯到18世纪。当时有关先天观念理论的争论以及“遗传学家”和“环境主义者”之间的斗争激发了人们的兴趣。 1758年，卡尔·林奈首次将Homo ferus纳入智人的一个分支。根据林奈的说法，费鲁斯人的显着特征之一是他缺乏言语或公开的语言。文献中的所有案例都证明了这一观察的正确性。在严重的社会孤立和刺激剥夺条件下长大的儿童中，最引人注目的案例是那些被称为“野生”或“野性”儿童的儿童，据报道，这些儿童与野生动物一起长大或独自生活在荒野中。 1920 年发现的两个这样的孩子，阿马拉和卡马拉，据说是由狼抚养长大的。有关这些儿童既往病史的信息是
This paper discusses the linguistic development of Genie, an adolescent girl who for most of her life underwent a degree of social isolation and experiential deprivation unparalleled in the reports of scientific investigation. This case touches on questions of profound interest to psychologists, philosophers, and linguists, including the relationship between cognition and language, the interdependence or autonomy of linguistic competence and performance, the mental abilities underlying language, proposed universal stages in language learning, the critical age for language acquisition, and the biological foundations of language.* Interest in cases of children reared in environments of extreme social isolation can be traced back at least to the 18th century. At that time the interest was stimulated by the debates concerning the theory of innate ideas and the struggle between the 'geneticists' and the 'environmentalists'. In 1758, Carl Linnaeus first included Homo ferus as a subdivision of Homo sapiens. One of the defining characteristics of Homo ferus, according to Linnaeus, was his lack of speech or overt language. All the cases in the literature attest to the correctness of this observation. The most dramatic cases of children reared under severe conditions of social isolation and stimulus deprivation are those described as 'wild' or 'feral' children, children who have reportedly been reared with wild animals or have lived alone in the wilderness. Two such children, Amala and Kamala, found in 1920, were supposedly reared by wolves. Information on the prior history of these children is