Immunization registry as a digital assessment tool during outbreaks.
Immunization registry as a digital assessment tool during outbreaks.
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免疫登记作为疫情期间的数字评估工具。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.009
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
I. Grotto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Stein;A. Israeli;I. Grotto
计算机化的免疫登记将个人疫苗接种数据汇集到国家数据库中，使疫苗接种覆盖率监测和规划能够维持和增加覆盖率[1]。在全球范围内，截至2018年，90%的儿童接种了一剂白喉、破伤风和百日咳（DTP）疫苗，86%的儿童接种了三剂DTP疫苗和一剂含麻疹疫苗，各地区、国家和国家内部的覆盖率各不相同。即使在高覆盖率的地区，当符合条件的儿童没有接种推荐的疫苗时，也会出现未接种疫苗的群体，使他们面临患病风险并限制群体免疫力[3]。因此，针对麻疹病毒等高传染性病原体的疫苗接种覆盖率不足以预防疾病传播和爆发[4]。在这里，我们描述了以色列的国家免疫登记册作为一个数字公共卫生工具，在疫苗可预防的疾病爆发的实际利用。以色列的人口是910万，儿童（0-17岁）占人口的三分之一。2018年的年度出生队列为184，370人。以色列的健康记录根据唯一的身份证号码来识别个人。根据法律，所有的出生都要通知内政部，新生儿在出生后不久就得到身份证号码。所有儿童都可以免费接受常规儿童疫苗接种，但疫苗接种不是强制性的。社区儿童保健诊所为幼儿（出生至6岁）提供常规疫苗接种，学校保健服务为学龄儿童（6-15岁）提供常规疫苗接种[5]。以色列儿童的常规儿童疫苗接种时间表见表1。
Computerized immunization registries assemble individual vaccinations data in a national database, enabling vaccination coverage monitoring and planning to sustain and increase coverage [1]. Globally, as of 2018, 90% of children received one diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine dose, and 86% received three DTP doses and one dose of measles-containing vaccine, with coverage rates differing between regions, nations and inside countries [2]. Even in locations with high coverage, unvaccinated pockets occur when eligible children are not immunized with recommended vaccines, putting them at risk for illness and limiting herd immunity [3]. Consequently, vaccination coverage rates against highly contagious pathogens such as the measles virus are inadequate to prevent disease spread and outbreaks [4]. Here we describe the practical utilization of Israel's national immunization registry as a digital public health tool during outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases.The population of Israel is 9.1 million; children (age 0–17 years) comprise a third of the population. The annual birth cohort was 184 370 in 2018. Health records in Israel identify individuals on the basis of unique identification numbers. By law, all births are notified; they are reported to the Ministry of Interior, and newborns receive identification numbers shortly after birth. Routine childhood vaccinations are offered without charge to all children, although vaccinations are not mandatory. Routine vaccinations are provided at community-based child-health clinics for young children (birth to 6 years) and by school health services for schoolchildren (6–15 years)[5]. The routine childhood vaccine schedule for children in Israel is presented in Table 1.