Eavesdropping Micropredators as Dynamic Limiters of Sexual Signal Elaboration and Intrasexual Competition
Eavesdropping Micropredators as Dynamic Limiters of Sexual Signal Elaboration and Intrasexual Competition
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DOI：
10.1086/718967
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发表时间：
2022-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bernal, Ximena E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leavell, Brian C.;Beaty, Lynne E.;Bernal, Ximena E.
为了彻底理解动态信号细化的驱动因素，需要评估自然相互作用因素的直接和间接影响。在这里，我们使用结构方程模型来测试多变量数据，从原位观察性信号的生产对模型的因果过程假设驱动信号的阐述。我们评估直接和间接的影响，和相对影响，男性男性的竞争和攻击窃听青蛙咬蠓（双翅目：Corethrellidae）的男性tungara青蛙（Engystomops pustulosus）的呼叫阐述。我们发现，这些micropredator苍蝇的攻击强度驱动的程度，青蛙精心制作他们的电话，可能是由于信号和antimicropredator防御之间的时间权衡。微型捕食者的攻击似乎动态地限制了男性的呼叫率和复杂性，从而抑制了性内竞争的影响。在占自然相互作用的驱动程序的信号阐述，这项研究提出了一个对立的机制，传统上认为，在这个系统中驱动性选择。此外，这些结果揭示了窃听微型捕食者在性交流系统进化中相对未经审查和潜在的影响作用。
To thoroughly understand the drivers of dynamic signal elaboration requires assessing the direct and indirect effects of naturally interacting factors. Here, we use structural equation modeling to test multivariate data from in situ observations of sexual signal production against a model of causal processes hypothesized to drive signal elaboration. We assess direct and indirect effects, and relative impacts, of male-male competition and attacks by eavesdropping frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) on call elaboration of male tungara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus). We find that the intensity of attacks by these micropredator flies drives the extent to which frogs elaborate their calls, likely due to a temporal trade-off between signaling and antimicropredator defense. Micropredator attacks appear to dynamically limit a male's call rate and complexity and consequently dampen the effects of intrasexual competition. In accounting for naturally interacting drivers of signal elaboration, this study presents a counterpoint to the mechanisms traditionally thought to drive sexual selection in this system. Moreover, the results shed light on the relatively unexamined and potentially influential role of eavesdropping micropredators in the evolution of sexual communication systems.