THE TOXICITY OF BIS(TRI-NORMAL-BUTYLTIN)OXIDE (TBTO) AND DI-NORMAL-BUTYLTINDICHLORIDE (DBTC) IN THE SMALL FISH SPECIES ORYZIAS-LATIPES (MEDAKA) AND POECILIA-RETICULATA (GUPPY)
THE TOXICITY OF BIS(TRI-NORMAL-BUTYLTIN)OXIDE (TBTO) AND DI-NORMAL-BUTYLTINDICHLORIDE (DBTC) IN THE SMALL FISH SPECIES ORYZIAS-LATIPES (MEDAKA) AND POECILIA-RETICULATA (GUPPY)
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DOI：
10.1016/0166-445x(90)90077-3
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
VAESSEN, HAMG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WESTER, PW;CANTON, JH;VAESSEN, HAMG
对日本青鳉（Orzyias latipes）进行了双（三丁基锡）氧化物（TBTO）和二丁基锡二氯化物（DBTC）的毒性研究，重点是组织病理学效应。将新鲜受精卵暴露于水槽水中浓度范围为0.1-32微克三丁基氧化锡/升的环境中1个月和3个月。DBTC的范围为320-3200 μ g/l（仅1个月）。组织病理学效应包括肝细胞空泡化、肾小管肾病和肾小球病、视网膜色素上皮空泡化、角膜炎、口腔和皮肤上皮增生和炎症、气腺上皮增生和肿胀以及甲状腺激活。除视网膜和肝脏病变外，这些变化主要发生在最高浓度组，在1个月和3个月之间，或在TBTO和DBTC暴露之间，病变没有本质差异。肝细胞空泡化显然是由糖原积累引起的，这在使用孔雀鱼（一种更方便的物种）的附加实验中得到证实。可以得出结论，TBTO和DBTC对肝脏和气体腺的影响，可能是由于受损的糖原分解。对浅表上皮细胞的影响归因于这些化合物的刺激性。此外，这些化合物对肾脏和视网膜有毒性。采用组织病理学方法测得的无明显作用浓度为三丁基氧化锡0.32 μ g/l，二丁基三苯甲烷低于320 μ g/l。采用分子吸收光谱法和气相色谱-火焰光度法分别测定了三丁基氧化锡和二丁基三丁基锡染毒孔雀鱼体内的总锡和丁基锡含量。在接触过二溴三丁基锡化合物的鱼类中测得了大量的三丁基锡化合物，化学分析表明，二溴三丁基锡化合物所含的三丁基锡化合物的含量可能是造成观察到的二溴三丁基锡化合物毒性的原因。
Toxicity studies were carried out on the Japanese medaka (Orzyias latipes) with bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) and di-n-butyltindichloride (DBTC), with emphasis on histopathological effects. Freshly fertilized eggs were exposed for 1 and 3 months to a concentration range of 0.1-32 .mu.g TBTO/l in tank water. The range for DBTC was 320-3200 .mu.g/l (1 month only). The histopathological effects included vacuolation of hepatocytes, tubulonephrosis and glomerulopathy, vacuolation of the retinal pigment epithelium, keratitis, hyperplasia and inflammation of oral and skin epithelium, hyperplasia and swelling of the gas gland epithelium and thyroid activation. No atrophy of the thymus was found. Except for the retinal and liver lesions, these changes occurred predominantly in the highest concentration with no essential differences in the lesions between 1 and 3 months, or between TBTO and DBTC exposure. Liver cell vacuolation was apparently caused by glycogen accumulation, as was confirmed in an additional experiment with guppies, a more expedient species. It is concluded that TBTO and DBTC have effects on the liver and gas gland, probably as a result of impaired glycogen breakdown. Effects on superficial epithelia are attributed to the irritative properties of these compounds. In addition, these compounds were toxic to kidney and retina. No-observed-effect concentrations using histopathlogy were 0.32 .mu.g/l for TBTO, and lower than 320 .mu.g/l for DBTC. Total tin and butyltins were determined by molecular absorption spectrometry, and gas chromatography with flame photometry, respectively, in guppies exposed to TBTO and DBTC. Considerable amounts of TBT were measured in DBTC-exposed fish, and chemical analysis indicated that DBTC contained TBT at a level that may account for the observed toxicity of DBTC.