Secret talk between adipose tissue and central nervous system via secreted factors-an emerging frontier in the neurodegenerative research.
Secret talk between adipose tissue and central nervous system via secreted factors-an emerging frontier in the neurodegenerative research.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12974-016-0530-x
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发表时间：
2016-03-24
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parimisetty A;Dorsemans AC;Awada R;Ravanan P;Diotel N;Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C
最初被认为是一个储存器官，白色脂肪组织（WAT）现在被认为是一个内分泌器官。WAT可以产生一系列生物活性因子，称为脂肪因子，在生理水平上起作用，在能量代谢和免疫反应中起重要作用。脂肪因子在代谢活动中的整体作用已得到充分证实，但其对中枢神经系统（CNS）生理学和病理生理学的影响仍不清楚。脂肪因子不仅由WAT产生，而且还可以在存在这些因子的受体的CNS中表达。当在外周产生并影响CNS时，这些因子可以穿过血脑屏障（BBB）或通过作用于形成BBB的细胞来改变BBB生理学。脂肪因子可以调节神经炎症和氧化应激，这两个主要的生理过程参与神经退行性变，并与许多慢性神经退行性疾病。本文综述了与自分泌运动因子相关的4种重要脂肪因子（瘦素、脂联素、TNFα）和1种脂因子（溶血磷脂酸-LPA）。它们对神经变性和脑修复（神经发生）的潜在影响将被讨论。了解和调节这些脂肪因子可能是一个有趣的导致新的治疗策略，以抵消神经退行性疾病和/或促进脑修复。
First seen as a storage organ, the white adipose tissue (WAT) is now considered as an endocrine organ. WAT can produce an array of bioactive factors known as adipokines acting at physiological level and playing a vital role in energy metabolism as well as in immune response. The global effect of adipokines in metabolic activities is well established, but their impact on the physiology and the pathophysiology of the central nervous system (CNS) remains poorly defined. Adipokines are not only produced by the WAT but can also be expressed in the CNS where receptors for these factors are present. When produced in periphery and to affect the CNS, these factors may either cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) or modify the BBB physiology by acting on cells forming the BBB. Adipokines could regulate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress which are two major physiological processes involved in neurodegeneration and are associated with many chronic neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on four important adipokines (leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and TNFα) and one lipokine (lysophosphatidic acid—LPA) associated with autotaxin, its producing enzyme. Their potential effects on neurodegeneration and brain repair (neurogenesis) will be discussed. Understanding and regulating these adipokines could be an interesting lead to novel therapeutic strategy in order to counteract neurodegenerative disorders and/or promote brain repair.