Seasonal shift in the effect of predators on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) energetics.

Seasonal shift in the effect of predators on juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) energetics.
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捕食者对幼年大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)能量影响的季节性变化。

DOI:
10.1139/f2011-123
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences. Journal canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Folt,CarolL
Folt,CarolL
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ward,DarrenM;Nislow,KeithH;Folt,CarolL

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捕食者对猎物种群的影响取决于被捕食的猎物的数量和对幸存猎物特征的影响。然而,在野外研究中,很少有人评估捕食者对猎物特征的影响。在大规模的野外研究中,我们测量了捕食者对大西洋鲑鱼幼鱼(Salmo Salar)能量特征(摄食量和生长率)的影响。在18个地点投放了鲑鱼鱼苗,这些地点涵盖了大量捕食性粘液三文鱼(Cottus Cogatus)。我们在21天和140天后对三文鱼进行采样,以测量三文鱼的生长并使用甲基汞累积的质量平衡模型估计消费量。在鲑鱼数量丰富的地点,鲑鱼的种群密度减少了五倍。在早期季节,鲑鱼在海豚丰富的地方消耗较少,这表明在捕食风险下减少觅食是导致捕食者导致死亡的原因之一。相比之下,在晚季,鲑鱼在斯卡宾丰富的地方生长得更多,这表明随着鲑鱼种群密度的减少,补偿性增长减缓了捕食者造成的死亡。捕食者对猎物能量学的影响可以驱动生存和生长的变化,对种群动态产生重要影响。
Predator effects on prey populations are determined by the number of prey consumed and effects on the traits of surviving prey. Yet the effects of predators on prey traits are rarely evaluated in field studies. We measured the effects of predators on energetic traits (consumption and growth rates) of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a large-scale field study. Salmon fry were released at 18 sites that encompassed a wide range of predatory slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) abundance. We sampled salmon after 21 and 140 days to measure salmon growth and estimate consumption using a mass-balance model of methylmercury accumulation. Salmon population density was reduced fivefold at sites with abundant sculpin. Over the early season, salmon consumed less where sculpin were abundant, suggesting that reduced foraging under predation risk contributed to predator-caused mortality. In contrast, over the late season, salmon grew more where sculpin were abundant, suggesting that compensatory growth at reduced salmon population density moderated predator-caused mortality. Predator effects on prey energetics can drive variation in survival and growth, with important consequences for population dynamics.
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