REMEMBERING EMOTIONAL EVENTS - THE FATE OF DETAILED INFORMATION
REMEMBERING EMOTIONAL EVENTS - THE FATE OF DETAILED INFORMATION
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DOI：
10.1080/02699939108411027
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发表时间：
1991-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
LOFTUS, EF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHRISTIANSON, SA;LOFTUS, EF
此前的研究表明，人们对情感事件细节的记忆与对中性事件细节的记忆不同。然而，过去的研究对情绪事件和中性事件中测试的细节没有充分的等同。在目前的五个实验中，共涉及397名受试者，我们将需要记住的细节信息等同起来。在这些实验中，受试者被呈现了一系列主题幻灯片，其中位于系列中间的一张关键幻灯片的内容各不相同。当关键的幻灯片是情绪性的(一名女子在自行车附近受伤)，而不是中性的(一名骑自行车的女子)时，受试者更能记住中心细节，但不能记住外围细节。为了确定情绪事件是否仅仅因为它不寻常就导致了不同的表现，我们包括了第三个条件，即受试者看到事件的“不寻常”版本(一名女子肩上扛着一辆自行车)。处于异常状态的受试者在回忆中央和外围细节时表现不佳，因此与处于情绪状态的受试者不同。为了确定受试者关注的是什么，在实验4中，我们收集了受试者观看关键幻灯片时被激发的想法的报告。对这些报告的分析表明，当人们看到情绪化、不寻常和中性的事件时，就会出现不同的阐述。
Previous research has shown that people remember details from emotional events differently than details from neutral events. However, past research suffers from inadequate equating of the details tested in the emotional and neutral events. In the current five experiments, involving a total of 397 subjects, we equated the to-be-remembered detail information. Subjects in these experiments were presented with a thematic series of slides in which the content of one critical slide in the middle of the series varied. When the critical slide was emotional (a woman injured near a bicycle), compared to neutral in nature (a woman riding a bicycle), subjects were better able to remember a central detail but less able to remember a peripheral detail. To determine whether the emotional event led to different performance simply because it was unusual, we included a third condition, in which subjects saw an “unusual” version of the event (a woman carrying a bicycle on her shoulder). Subjects in the unusual condition performed poorly when recalling both the central and the peripheral detail, and thus differently from those in the emotional condition. To determine what subjects were attending to, in Experiment 4 we gathered reports of thoughts that were evoked while subjects viewed the critical slide. Analyses of these reports indicated that differential elaboration occurred when people viewed emotional, unusual, and neutral events.