Extrapair mating opportunity explains the evolutionary transition between the presence and absence of tail ornamentation in swallows
Extrapair mating opportunity explains the evolutionary transition between the presence and absence of tail ornamentation in swallows
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DOI：
10.1007/s10682-022-10196-3
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发表时间：
2022-06-29
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Arai, Emi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasegawa, Masaru;Arai, Emi
即使对于经典的纹饰，如燕子的尾巴，纹饰的获得和丧失的进化驱动因素往往也不清楚，因为很少进行宏观进化分析，而宏观进化分析需要澄清导致这种转变的因素。一些行为实验支持这样的假设，即性选择是“分叉”尾巴进化的原因，而另一些实验则支持这样的假设，即捕食大型猎物有利于分叉尾巴的进化。然而，这些假设的实证测试使用已经装饰的物种和叉尾/无叉尾的宏观进化研究，这对于推断驱动装饰存在和不存在之间转变的进化力量至关重要，仍然缺乏。本文以燕和燕的一个分支为研究对象，研究了无叉尾和叉尾之间的进化转变与觅食模式和性选择的关系。我们发现从分叉尾到无叉尾的重复进化，所有的进化枝都有性别单一的羽毛。此外，我们还发现了尾巴形状（即无叉/分叉）和超配交配机会的相关进化，以孵化类型来衡量，孵化类型与种内和种间的超配父权密切相关。当有额外交配机会时，从叉尾到无叉尾的过渡比相反的过渡更容易发生，但当额外交配机会有限时则不然。相比之下，尾巴形状更有可能与猎物大小（即小/大）和社会觅食行为（即社会/单独觅食）独立进化。这些发现表明，性选择的强度，而不是觅食模式，解释了尾巴纹饰存在和缺失之间的进化转变，质疑了捕获大型猎物是一种进化力量驱动和维持分叉尾巴的普遍观点。
Evolutionary drivers of the gain and loss of ornamentation are often unclear even for classic ornamentation such as swallows' tails, because macroevolutionary analysis, which is needed to clarify the factors responsible for the transition, is rarely conducted. Some behavioural experiments support the hypothesis that sexual selection is responsible for the evolution of "forked" tails, while others support the hypothesis that foraging on large prey favours the evolution of forked tails. However, empirical tests of these hypotheses used already-ornamented species and macroevolutionary studies of forked/forkless tails, which is critical for inferring the evolutionary forces driving the transition between the presence and absence of ornamentation, are still lacking. Here, using a clade of swallows and martins (Aves: Hirundininae), we examined the evolutionary transition between forkless and forked tails in relation to measures of foraging mode and sexual selection. We found replicated evolution of forkless tails from forked tails, all in clades with sexually monomorphic plumage. Furthermore, we detected correlated evolution of tail shape (i.e., forkless/forked) and extrapair mating opportunity, measured as incubation type which is tightly linked to extrapair paternity both within and among species. A transition from forked to forkless tails was less likely to occur than the reverse transition when extrapair mating opportunities were readily available, but not when extrapair mating opportunities were limited. In contrast, the tail shape was more likely to evolve independently with prey size (i.e., small/large) and social foraging behaviour (i.e., social/solitary foraging). These findings indicate that the intensity of sexual selection, rather than foraging mode, explains the evolutionary transition between the presence and absence of tail ornamentation, questioning the widespread perspective that capturing large prey is an evolutionary force driving and maintaining forked tails.