Rods-cones and melanopsin detect light and dark to modulate sleep independent of image formation
Rods-cones and melanopsin detect light and dark to modulate sleep independent of image formation
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0808312105
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发表时间：
2008-12-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hattar, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altimus, C. M.;Guler, A. D.;Hattar, S.
在视网膜中检测到的光调制若干生理过程，包括昼夜光诱导和瞳孔光反射。视网膜内光敏视网膜神经节细胞（ipRGC）将视杆-视锥和黑视素驱动的光输入传递到大脑。使用脑电图和肌电图，我们表明，急性光诱导睡眠小鼠在夜间活动阶段，而急性黑暗唤醒小鼠在白天的睡眠阶段。我们使用缺乏（i）ipRGC，（ii）视杆细胞和视锥细胞的光转导途径，或（iii）黑视蛋白的视网膜突变小鼠系，并表明光和暗对睡眠的影响需要通过ipRGC的视杆细胞和黑视蛋白信号传导，并且不依赖于图像形成。我们进一步表明，虽然急性光脉冲克服昼夜节律和稳态驱动器的睡眠，在重复曝光使用3.5小时/3.5小时的光/暗周期，昼夜节律和稳态驱动器覆盖光输入。因此，除了它们在将昼夜生理学与白天和黑夜对齐中的已知作用之外，ipRGC还传递来自视杆-视锥和基于黑视蛋白的途径的光和暗信息以调节睡眠和觉醒。
Light detected in the retina modulates several physiological processes including circadian photo-entrainment and pupillary light reflex. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) convey rod-cone and melanopsin-driven light input to the brain. Using EEGs and electromyograms, we show that acute light induces sleep in mice during their nocturnal active phase whereas acute dark awakens mice during their diurnal sleep phase. We used retinal mutant mouse lines that lack (i) the ipRGCs, (ii) the phototransduction pathways of rods and cones, or (iii) the melanopsin protein and showed that the influence of light and dark on sleep requires both rod-cone and melanopsin signaling through ipRGCs and is independent of image formation. We further show that, although acute light pulses overcome circadian and homeostatic drives for sleep, upon repeated light exposures using a 3.5 h/3.5 h light/dark cycle, the circadian and homeostatic drives override the light input. Thus, in addition to their known role in aligning circadian physiology with day and night, ipRGCs also relay light and dark information from both rod-cone and melanopsin-based pathways to modulate sleep and wakefulness.