Is craving the source of compulsive drug use?
Is craving the source of compulsive drug use?
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DOI：
10.1177/026988119801200104
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发表时间：
1998-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Carter, BL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tiffany, ST;Carter, BL
强迫性药物使用通常被描述为成瘾行为的一种定义性特征，被描述为一种药物消费模式，这种模式受刺激约束，刻板，难以调节，并通过对摄入量的失控来识别。人们普遍认为，强迫性吸毒是由对毒品的渴望引起的。这一假设得到了大量研究结果的支持，这些研究结果表明，渴望和吸毒行为之间存在普遍的对应关系。然而，对现有数据进行更集中的分析表明，渴望和药物使用并没有达到假设所要求的程度，即渴望是成瘾者所有药物使用的来源。作为对这种基于渴望的观点的替代，强迫性药物使用可以被描述为一种自动化行为。自动执行被认为是在运动和认知技能的重复练习过程中发展起来的。自动化的行为，如强迫性药物使用，往往是刺激的约束，刻板，毫不费力，难以控制和调节，主要是在意识之外。药物强迫作为一种自动性而非渴望的表现形式，使成瘾研究人员能够应用认知科学的方法和措施来研究强迫性药物使用行为的基本组织。
Compulsive drug use, which is typically portrayed as a defining quality of addictive behavior, has been described as a pattern of drug consumption that is stimulus bound, stereotyped, difficult to regulate and identified by a loss of control over intake. It is widely assumed that compulsive drug use is caused by drug craving. This assumption is supported by numerous findings of a general correspondence between measures of craving and drug-use behavior. A more focussed analysis of the available data, however, reveals that craving and drug use are not coupled to the degree required by the hypothesis that craving is the source of all drug use in the addict. As an alternative to this craving-based view, compulsive drug use could be characterized as a form of automatized behavior. Automatic performance is assumed to develop over the course of repeated practice of motor and cognitive skills. Automatized behavior, like compulsive drug use, tends to be stimulus bound, stereotyped, effortless, difficult to control and regulated largely outside of awareness. The formulation of drug compulsion as a manifestation of automaticity rather than craving allows addiction researchers to apply methods and measures derived from cognitive sciences to investigate the fundamental organization of compulsive drug-use behavior.