Genetically triggered sexual differentiation of brain and behavior
Genetically triggered sexual differentiation of brain and behavior
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DOI：
10.1006/hbeh.1996.0053
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Arnold, AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold, AP
大脑性别分化的主导理论认为，大脑解剖和功能的性别差异是由于胚胎和新生儿时期性腺类固醇的作用而产生的。在哺乳动物中，睾丸类固醇触发神经发育的阳性模式，而神经发育的阴性模式在没有睾丸分泌物的情况下发生。相反，哺乳动物的性腺分化不是由激素机制启动的，而是由基因产物如Y染色体上的睾丸决定基因SRY的作用调节的。这篇论文认为，这种遗传的、非激素的信号也可能触发大脑性别分化的具体例子。这一论点有两个论据支持。第一个是“直接遗传”（即，性分化的非激素控制可能与激素控制一样可能进化。第二种观点是，神经和非神经的二态性已经被描述为不能很好地解释类固醇依赖性分化的经典理论，需要调用其他因素，（C）1996年学术出版社。
The dominant theory of sexual differentiation of the brain holds that sex differences in brain anatomy and function arise because of the action of gonadal steroids during embryonic and neonatal life. In mammals, testicular steroids trigger masculine patterns of neural development, and feminine patterns of neural development occur in the absence of such testicular secretions. In contrast, gonadal differentiation in mammals is not initiated by hormonal mechanisms, but is regulated by the action of gene products such as SRY, a testis-determining gene on the Y chromosome. This paper argues that such genetic, nonhormonal signals may also trigger specific examples of sexual differentiation of the brain. This thesis is supported by two arguments. The first is that ''direct genetic'' (i.e., nonhormonal) control of sexual differentiation may be as likely to evolve as hormonal control. The second line of argument is that neural and nonneural dimorphisms have already been described that are not well explained by classical theories of steroid-dependent sexual differentiation and for which other factors need to be invoked, (C) 1996 Academic Press.