Host Traits Drive Viral Life Histories across Phytoplankton Viruses
Host Traits Drive Viral Life Histories across Phytoplankton Viruses
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DOI：
10.1086/696849
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Steward, Grieg F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, Kyle F.;Steward, Grieg F.
病毒是生态和进化过程中不可或缺的一部分，但我们对驱动不同病毒关键特征变化的原因知之甚少。对于裂解型病毒，爆发大小、潜伏期和基因组大小是控制宿主-病毒动力学的主要特征。本文综合了在全球生物地球化学中起重要作用的75株浮游植物病毒的这些性状资料。我们发现寄主的主要性状（基因组大小、生长速度）解释了爆发大小和潜伏期变异的40%-50%。具体来说，爆发大小和潜伏期与宿主：病毒基因组大小比都表现出饱和关系，在低基因组大小比下这两个性状增加，而在高基因组大小比下没有表现出关系。此外，潜伏期随寄主生长速率的增加而缩短。我们分析了一个潜伏期进化模型，以探索可能导致这些模式的机制。该模型预测，病毒爆发的大小通常是由宿主基因组资源决定的，而潜伏期的进化允许这种最大爆发的大小，由宿主代谢率调节。这些结果表明，一般机制可能是多种病毒进化的基础。这项工作的未来扩展可能有助于解释病毒对宿主种群的调节，病毒对群落结构和多样性的影响，以及病毒在生物地球化学循环中的作用。
Viruses are integral to ecological and evolutionary processes, but we have a poor understanding of what drives variation in key traits across diverse viruses. For lytic viruses, burst size, latent period, and genome size are primary characteristics controlling host-virus dynamics. Here we synthesize data on these traits for 75 strains of phytoplankton viruses, which play an important role in global biogeochemistry. We find that primary traits of the host (genome size, growth rate) explain 40%-50% of variation in burst size and latent period. Specifically, burst size and latent period both exhibit saturating relationships versus the host:virus genome size ratio, with both traits increasing at low genome size ratios while showing no relationship at high size ratios. In addition, latent period declines as host growth rate increases. We analyze a model of latent period evolution to explore mechanisms that could cause these patterns. The model predicts that burst size may often be set by the host genomic resources available for viral construction, while latent period evolves to permit this maximal burst size, modulated by host metabolic rate. These results suggest that general mechanisms may underlie the evolution of diverse viruses. Future extensions of this work could help explain viral regulation of host populations, viral influence on community structure and diversity, and viral roles in biogeochemical cycles.