Closing the Gap Between Watershed Modeling, Sediment Budgeting, and Stream Restoration
Closing the Gap Between Watershed Modeling, Sediment Budgeting, and Stream Restoration
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缩小流域建模、沉积物预算和河流恢复之间的差距
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
P. Wilcock
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作者：
Sean M. C. Smith;P. Belmont;P. Wilcock
河流恢复方法，Anal地球物理Mon版权所有2011 B 10.1029/2011 GM河流恢复和沉积物预算之间的联系是双向的：河流恢复被认为是减少沉积物产量的一种手段，但对沉积物供应的准确理解是设计有效项目所必需的。监测技术，地球化学技术，高分辨率地形数据和数值模拟的最新进展提供了新的机会，以估计沉积物侵蚀，运输和沉积速率;升级他们在地貌相关的方式;和综合流域尺度的沉积动力学。对于大尺度的实际应用，流域模型用于预测产量往往不解决低阶通道，留下一个重要的“盲点”关于沉积过程。我们说明了挑战和新兴的方法，估计沉积物预算使用的例子从两个非常不同的自然地理环境：大西洋中部的皮埃蒙特和明尼苏达州南部的农业平原。我们强调共同的挑战和主题，在定义一个有效的流域沉积物模型。在这两种情况下，对沉积量的可靠估计基本上取决于对沉积物源和沉积物汇的准确识别，因此，需要仔细划定景观单元，并识别主要的沉积物源和沉积物汇。弥合沉积物预算、流域模拟和河流恢复之间的差距所需的主要要素是：（1）关于侵蚀位置、机制和速率的具体性;（2）沉积物储存的准确核算;（3）适当的扩大当地观测的方法;（4）将多条证据线结合起来以限制预算估算的有效手段;以及（5）在评估和设计程序中纳入沉积物供应的河流恢复方法。
Stream Restorat Approaches, Anal Geophysical Mon Copyright 2011 b 10.1029/2011GM The connection between stream restoration and sediment budgeting runs both ways: stream restoration is proposed as a means to reduce sediment yields, but an accurate understanding of sediment supply is necessary to design an effective project. Recent advances in monitoring technology, geochemical techniques, high-resolution topography data, and numerical modeling provide new opportunities to estimate sediment erosion, transport, and deposition rates; upscale them in a geomorphically relevant fashion; and synthesize sediment dynamics at watershed scales. For practical application at large scale, watershed models used to predict yield often do not resolve lower-order channels, leaving an essential “blind spot” regarding sediment processes. We illustrate the challenges and emerging approaches for estimating sediment budgets using examples from two very different physiographic settings: the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont and the agricultural plains of southern Minnesota. We highlight common challenges and themes in defining an effective watershed sediment model. In both cases, reliable estimates of sediment yield depend essentially on the accurate identification of sediment sources and sinks and, hence, require careful delineation of landscape units and identification of dominant sediment sources and sinks. The primary elements needed to bridge the gap between sediment budgeting, watershed modeling, and stream restoration are (1) specificity regarding location, mechanism, and rates of erosion, (2) accurate accounting of sediment storage, (3) appropriate methods for upscaling local observations, (4) efficient means for incorporating multiple lines of evidence to constrain budget estimates, and (5) stream restoration methods that incorporate sediment supply in assessment and design procedures.