Entrainment to video displays in primary visual cortex of macaque and humans
Entrainment to video displays in primary visual cortex of macaque and humans
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2716-04.2004
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发表时间：
2004-09-22
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Hawken, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, PE;Mechler, F;Hawken, MJ
阴极射线管（CRT）显示以高频率刷新的图像，并且每个像素的时间波形是仅几毫秒长的亮度脉冲。尽管人类在感知上没有注意到这种闪烁，但我们在猕猴和人类的V1中表明，细胞外记录的动作电位（尖峰）和视觉诱发电位（VEP）与视频脉冲一致，特别是当观看高对比度刺激时。猕猴与60 Hz的视频刷新分析的91个单一的单位，29个细胞（32%）显着锁定其发射到一个统一的亮度显示，但它们的数量增加到75（82%）时，显示高对比度的刺激。92个细胞暴露于100 Hz的刷新，21（23%）显着锁相高对比度刺激。锁相发生在V1的输入和输出层的简单和复杂的细胞，无论首选的时间频率。在人类中记录的VEP在所有七个观察者中显示出对视频刷新的显著锁相。像猴子的神经元，人类VEP更典型的相位锁定的刺激含有空间对比度比空间均匀的刺激。当刷新率增加时，锁相减少。因此，在人类和猕猴中，CRT的高频闪频率的锁相通过显著的空间模式增强，尽管感知影响是不确定的。我们注意到，全球有10亿人设法观看电视，尽管他们的V1电视机对50或60 Hz信号有着非凡的相位锁定，但他们的视觉感知没有明显的失真。
Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) display images refreshed at high frequency, and the temporal waveform of each pixel is a luminance impulse only a few milliseconds long. Although humans are perceptually oblivious to this flicker, we show in V1 in macaque monkeys and in humans that extracellularly recorded action potentials ( spikes) and visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) align with the video impulses, particularly when high-contrast stimuli are viewed. Of 91 single units analyzed in macaque with a 60 Hz video refresh, 29 cells (32%) significantly locked their firing to a uniform luminance display, but their number increased to 75 (82%) when high-contrast stimuli were shown. Of 92 cells exposed to a 100 Hz refresh, 21 (23%) significantly phase locked to high-contrast stimuli. Phase locking occurred in both input and output layers of V1 for simple and complex cells, regardless of preferred temporal frequency. VEPs recorded in humans showed significant phase locking to the video refresh in all seven observers. Like the monkey neurons, human VEPs more typically phase locked to stimuli containing spatial contrast than to spatially uniform stimuli. Phase locking decreased when the refresh rate was increased. Thus in humans and macaques phase locking to the high strobe frequency of a CRT is enhanced by a salient spatial pattern, although the perceptual impact is uncertain. We note that a billion people worldwide manage to watch TV without obvious distortion of their visual perception despite extraordinary phase locking of their V1s to a 50 or 60 Hz signal.