Skeletal muscle in health and disease
Skeletal muscle in health and disease
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DOI：
10.1242/dmm.042192
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Partridge, Terence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morgan, Jennifer;Partridge, Terence
骨骼肌纤维是含有有丝分裂后细胞核（即它们不再能够分裂）并执行肌肉收缩的多核细胞。它们由肌肉前体细胞融合形成，并通过进一步的前体细胞（称为卫星细胞）生长成伸长的肌纤维，卫星细胞也负责损伤后的再生。大多数肌营养不良症都会因肌纤维坏死而发生骨骼肌再生。然而，营养不良性骨骼肌内的复杂环境，包括炎症细胞、成纤维细胞和纤维脂肪形成细胞，加上体内模型和所研究肌肉的遗传背景，使得肌营养不良症实验室研究的解释变得复杂化。许多基因在卫星细胞和其他组织中表达，这使得确定各种类型的肌营养不良症的分子原因变得困难。在此以及随附的海报中，我们讨论了目前对控制骨骼肌生长和再生的细胞机制的了解，并强调了导致肌营养不良的卫星细胞功能缺陷。
Skeletal muscle fibres are multinucleated cells that contain postmitotic nuclei (i.e. they are no longer able to divide) and perform muscle contraction. They are formed by fusion of muscle precursor cells, and grow into elongating myofibres by further precursor cells, called satellite cells, which are also responsible for regeneration following injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration occurs in most muscular dystrophies in response to necrosis of muscle fibres. However, the complex environment within dystrophic skeletal muscle, which includes inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and fibro-adipogenic cells, together with the genetic background of the in vivo model and the muscle being studied, complicates the interpretation of laboratory studies on muscular dystrophies. Many genes are expressed in satellite cells and in other tissues, which makes it difficult to determine the molecular cause of various types of muscular dystrophies. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we discuss our current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms that govern the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle, and highlight the defects in satellite cell function that give rise to muscular dystrophies.