Nutrient signaling to mTOR and cell growth.

Nutrient signaling to mTOR and cell growth.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tibs.2013.01.004
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发表时间:
2013-05
影响因子:
13.8
通讯作者:
Guan, Kun-Liang
Guan, Kun-Liang
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jewell, Jenna L.;Guan, Kun-Liang

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哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)是一种保守的蛋白激酶,参与包括细胞生长在内的多种细胞过程。在多种人类癌症中观察到mTOR活化增加,并且mTOR的抑制已在许多临床试验中证明是有效的。mTOR包含两种复合物,称为mTORC 1和mTORC 2。这两种复合物都对生长因子有反应,而只有mTORC 1受营养素(如葡萄糖和氨基酸)控制。自从发现mTOR以来,广泛的研究已经复杂地详细描述了mTORC 1调节的分子机制。有些矛盾的是,氨基酸诱导mTORC 1激活-可以说是最重要的刺激导致mTORC 1激活-是最不了解。在这里,我们审查目前的知识mTORC 1的营养依赖性调节。
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved protein kinase involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell growth. Increased mTOR activation is observed in multiple human cancers and inhibition of mTOR has proven efficacious in numerous clinical trials. mTOR comprises two complexes, termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. Both complexes respond to growth factors, whereas only mTORC1 is controlled by nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids. Since the discovery of mTOR, extensive studies have intricately detailed the molecular mechanisms by which mTORC1 is regulated. Somewhat paradoxically, amino acid induced mTORC1 activation—arguably the most essential stimulus leading to mTORC1 activation—is the least understood. Here we review the current knowledge of nutrient dependent regulation of mTORC1.
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