Historical Trajectories of Disaster Risk in Dominica
Historical Trajectories of Disaster Risk in Dominica
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DOI：
10.1007/s13753-019-0215-z
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Honychurch, Lennox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barclay, Jenni;Wilkinson, Emily;Honychurch, Lennox
2017年飓风玛丽亚对加勒比岛国多米尼克造成的灾难性后果凸显了该地区对灾害的敏感性。尽管国际社会日益关注减少灾害风险，但小岛屿发展中国家从灾害事件中恢复可能特别漫长和困难。在这篇文章中，我们建立在现有的理解灾害风险作为一种物理和社会条件，表明历史过程是根本的理解如何风险的条件出现，并随着时间的推移而持续。我们以多米尼克为例，采用综合方法分析风险积累的驱动因素，在殖民时期启动的进程塑造了人民和资产的位置，他们可能受到伤害的程度，这种伤害的社会影响以及恢复的前景。我们专注于潜在的经济脆弱性和物理暴露于农业，经济和社会实践造成的危害，以及限制恢复的连续灾害应对。通过揭示这些历史驱动因素和长期存在的问题，阐明了通过促进经济结构调整和多样化以及土地改革等途径走上更具复原力的发展道路的经验教训。
The calamitous consequences of 2017 Hurricane Maria for the Caribbean island of Dominica highlighted the acute and increasing susceptibility of the region to disasters. Despite increasing international attention to disaster risk reduction, recovery from hazard events can be especially lengthy and difficult for small island developing states. In this article, we build on existing understandings of disaster risk as a physical and social condition, showing that historical processes are fundamental to understanding how conditions of risk emerge and persist over time. We take an integrated approach to analyzing the drivers of risk accumulation, using the example of Dominica, where processes set in motion during the colonial period have shaped the location of people and assets, the degree to which they might be harmed, the societal repercussions of that harm and the prospects for recovery. We focus on the underlying economic vulnerabilities and physical exposure to hazards created by agricultural, economic, and social practices, and successive disaster responses that have constrained recovery. Uncovering these historical drivers and persistent issues, elucidates lessons for pursuing a more resilient development trajectory, including through the promotion of economic restructuring and diversification, and land reform.