Air Pollutant Emissions Embodied in China-US Trade
Air Pollutant Emissions Embodied in China-US Trade
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
S. Xi
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作者：
S. Xi
中国出口型能源消费及其相关的CO2排放在科学出版物中得到了广泛的讨论。中国国内约20%的CO2排放是由国际出口造成的，如此大的排放量对国际气候政策的制定起着重要的作用。同时，中国的国际贸易也对除CO2外的其他大气污染物产生了重大影响。然而，中国的国际贸易对全球气候变化的影响并不显著。本文基于环境扩展投入产出分析（EEIO）和结构分解分析（SDA）方法，对我国工业化生产过程中产生的大气污染物进行了研究，分析了我国工业化生产过程中产生的大气污染物对人类健康、生态系统和生物圈的影响，并对我国工业化生产过程中产生的大气污染物进行了定量分析。结果表明，2007年中国对美出口商品中的SO2、NOx和PM2.5排放量分别为178.46 × 104、178.46 × 104和178.46 × 104。1997 - 2007年，中国从美国进口的SO2、CO2和CO2分别为4.20 × 104、6.07 × 104和0.27 × 104 t，中国存在排放赤字，这主要是由于中国贸易顺差巨大和排放强度较高。中国对美国出口的NOx和PM2.5分别增长了159%、244%和94%，虽然能源使用也有所改善，但贸易量的增加是排放增长的主要原因。此外，由于行业污染控制技术，由于发电厂和水泥行业的污染控制技术，1997 - 2007年，在其他驱动力保持不变的情况下，中国对美出口中的SO2和PM2.5分别下降了96.41%和226.26%，2007年中国对美出口的主要产品工业制成品的SO2排放强度为72.63 t/108元，NOx排放强度为58.38 t/108元，PM2.5排放强度为20.74 t/108元，低于中国对美出口的平均排放强度，中国经济将继续受到大量国际出口的拉动。基于上述结果，我们建议中国进一步扩大行业污染控制措施，扩大高附加值低排放产品的出口份额，实施排放税或排放密集型产品，这不仅有助于减少中国本地的空气污染，造福中国人民，而且还可以减少中国出口中的污染物排放，使其产品在国际出口市场上对外国消费者更具吸引力。
Export-based domestic energy use and related CO2 emissions in China have been widely argued in the scientific publications.About 20% of domestic China's CO2 emissions are caused by international exports,and such a large amount of emissions plays an influential role in the policy making of the international climate.Meanwhile,China's international trade also has a significant impact on other air pollutants besides CO2.However,there was no comprehensive study about this important issue.The high levels of air pollutants caused by China's production intense domestic industry have a severe impact on human health as well as on ecosystems and biosphere.This is important to understand their drivers.Based on Environmental Extended Input-output Analysis(EEIO) and Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA),as well as an updated bottom-up emission inventory of China,air pollutant emissions embodied in trade between China and the USA were estimated.Results showed that,in 2007,SO2,NOx and PM2.5 embodied in China's exports to the USA were 178.46 × 104,137.22 × 104and 47.15 × 104t,respectively,while those embodied in China's imports from the USA were only 4.20 × 104,6.07 ×104and 0.27 × 104t,respectively.China had an emission deficit,and this is mainly because of its huge trade surplus and higher emission intensity.From 1997 to 2007,SO2,NOx and PM2.5 embodied in export from China to the USA grew by 159%,244% and 94% respectively.Trade quantity scale-up accounted for most of the emission growth,although energy use was also improved.Besides,Owing to the sector-specific pollution control technologies.Owing to the pollution control technology of power plant and cement industry,SO2 and PM2.5 embodied in China's export to the USA decreased by 96.41% and 226.26% from 1997 to 2007 respectively,when other driving forces remained constant.In 2007,emission intensities of manufactured goods,the main export from China to the USA,were 72.63 t/108yuan for SO2,58.38 t/108yuan for NOx,and 20.74 t/108yuan for PM2.5,lower than the average emission intensities of all China's export to US.The China's economy will continue to be driven by a large amount of international exports.Based on the results,we recommend China to further expand its sector-specific pollution control measures,to enlarge the export share of high value-added goods with lower emission-intensity and to implement emission tax or emission-intensive-export quota.This will not only help to reduce China's local air pollution and benefit its people but can also reduce the pollutants emissions embodied in China's export which will make its products for the international export market more attractive to foreign consumers.