A large pseudoautosomal region on the sex chromosomes of the frog Silurana tropicalis.

A large pseudoautosomal region on the sex chromosomes of the frog Silurana tropicalis.
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DOI:
10.1093/gbe/evt073
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Evans BJ
Evans BJ
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bewick AJ;Chain FJ;Zimmerman LB;Sesay A;Gilchrist MJ;Owens ND;Seifertova E;Krylov V;Macha J;Tlapakova T;Kubickova S;Cernohorska H;Zarsky V;Evans BJ

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性染色体分歧已被证明存在于不同的物种中,两栖动物通常具有细胞学上非分歧(“同型”)的性染色体。为了进一步描述两栖动物性染色体的差异,我们使用了“RAD标签”和桑格测序来研究西爪蛙(也称为热带爪蟾)的性特异性和杂合性。我们的研究结果基于大约2000万个基因型调用和大约200个聚合酶链反应扩增区域,跨越多个男性和女性基因组,未能确定一个相当大的基因组区域与性染色体分歧的基因型标志,包括在已知的区域是紧密相连的性别决定区。我们还发现,与性别决定区相关的基因的表达和分子进化与基因组其他部分的基因没有实质性差异。这表明重组发生的假常染色体区域包含了S的性染色体的大部分。热带植物这些结果可能部分解释了为什么非洲爪蛙有如此高的多倍化发生率,揭示了为什么两栖动物有很高的性染色体转换率,并提出了为什么同型性染色体在两栖动物中如此普遍的问题。
Sex chromosome divergence has been documented across phylogenetically diverse species, with amphibians typically having cytologically nondiverged (“homomorphic”) sex chromosomes. With an aim of further characterizing sex chromosome divergence of an amphibian, we used “RAD-tags” and Sanger sequencing to examine sex specificity and heterozygosity in the Western clawed frog Silurana tropicalis (also known as Xenopus tropicalis). Our findings based on approximately 20 million genotype calls and approximately 200 polymerase chain reaction-amplified regions across multiple male and female genomes failed to identify a substantially sized genomic region with genotypic hallmarks of sex chromosome divergence, including in regions known to be tightly linked to the sex-determining region. We also found that expression and molecular evolution of genes linked to the sex-determining region did not differ substantially from genes in other parts of the genome. This suggests that the pseudoautosomal region, where recombination occurs, comprises a large portion of the sex chromosomes of S. tropicalis. These results may in part explain why African clawed frogs have such a high incidence of polyploidization, shed light on why amphibians have a high rate of sex chromosome turnover, and raise questions about why homomorphic sex chromosomes are so prevalent in amphibians.
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