Physiological Stress Mediates the Honesty of Social Signals
Physiological Stress Mediates the Honesty of Social Signals
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0004983
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发表时间：
2009-03-25
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Piertney, Stuart B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bortolotti, Gary R.;Mougeot, Francois;Piertney, Stuart B.
背景：作为社会信号的奢侈装饰品演变为宣传其佩戴者的品质。免疫功能障碍假说提出，睾丸激素依赖的装饰品可靠的信号健康和寄生虫的抵抗力，然而，实证研究显示了混合的支持。或者，免疫功能和寄生虫抗性可能间接或直接与糖皮质激素应激激素有关。我们建议，了解个人和环境之间的相互作用，特别是他们如何科普压力，是至关重要的了解诚实的社会signals.Methodology/主要结果：我们分析了皮质酮沉积在不断增长的羽毛作为一个综合措施的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺活动的野生领土鸟，红松鸡Lagopus lagopus scoticus。我们操纵了两个关键的、相互关联的成分，寄生虫和睾丸激素，这两个成分会影响发育和健康。使用析因实验设计，鸟类最初被清除寄生虫，然后用寄生虫或无寄生虫进行挑战，同时给予睾酮或对照植入物。在治疗水平，睾丸激素增强了抑制作用，而寄生虫减少了抑制作用，但仅限于未植入睾丸激素的雄性。在个体中，寄生虫和睾酮的影响程度强烈依赖于实验期间羽毛中皮质酮的含量。鸟类经历的压力越大（即，更高的皮质酮），更多的寄生虫开发，和睾丸激素增强reproduction.Conclusions/Significance：这个独特的重点放在个人，和一个新的，综合的，应对压力的措施，我们表明，reproductionis最终是一个产品的累积生理反应的环境挑战。这些发现导致了一个更现实的概念，诚实的信号，以及更广泛的讨论的概念，压力。
Background: Extravagant ornaments used as social signals evolved to advertise their bearers' quality. The Immunocompetence Handicap Hypothesis proposes that testosterone-dependent ornaments reliably signal health and parasite resistance; however, empirical studies have shown mixed support. Alternatively, immune function and parasite resistance may be indirectly or directly related to glucocorticoid stress hormones. We propose that an understanding of the interplay between the individual and its environment, particularly how they cope with stressors, is crucial for understanding the honesty of social signals.Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyzed corticosterone deposited in growing feathers as an integrated measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in a wild territorial bird, the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. We manipulated two key, interrelated components, parasites and testosterone, which influence both ornamentation and fitness. Birds were initially purged of parasites, and later challenged with parasites or not, while at the same time being given testosterone or control implants, using a factorial experimental design. At the treatment level, testosterone enhanced ornamentation, while parasites reduced it, but only in males not implanted with testosterone. Among individuals, the degree to which both parasites and testosterone had an effect was strongly dependent on the amount of corticosterone in the feather grown during the experiment. The more stressors birds had experienced (i.e., higher corticosterone), the more parasites developed, and the less testosterone enhanced ornamentation.Conclusions/Significance: With this unique focus on the individual, and a novel, integrative, measure of response to stressors, we show that ornamentation is ultimately a product of the cumulative physiological response to environmental challenges. These findings lead toward a more realistic concept of honesty in signaling as well as a broader discussion of the concept of stress.