Feeding livestock food residue and the consequences for the environmental impact of meat
Feeding livestock food residue and the consequences for the environmental impact of meat
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.06.008
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Moll, H. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elferink, E. V.;Nonhebel, S.;Moll, H. C.
肉类对环境的影响很大，主要是由于牲畜需要饲料，加上木薯和谷物等饲料作物的种植、运输和加工造成的影响。与常规饲料作物一样，牲畜也以食品工业的残留物为食，如纸浆、废料和果皮。这两种原材料对环境的影响不同。将食物残渣喂给牲畜是将低质量材料升级为高质量食物的有效方法。在荷兰，食物残渣占饲料原料的大部分。区分农作物和食物残渣会对肉类的环境影响产生影响。本文将这两个流分离使用量，环境影响和它们在肉类生产中的相关性。对产生最大食物残渣流的三个食品工业（甜菜工业、植物油工业和马铃薯制品工业）以及作为肉类生产例子的猪肉工业进行了评估。食物残渣基饲料的环境影响以三种不同的方式分配：质量比、经济基础和无分配负担。我们发现，从食物残渣中生产的猪肉数量很大。基于食物残渣的饲料对环境的影响也明显低于基于谷物的饲料。我们讨论了蔬菜和动物产品消费的变化，影响猪肉对环境的影响。得出的结论是，目前的食物残渣的使用保持牲畜食品的环境影响相对较低。然而，肉类消费量的进一步增加将需要更多的饲料谷物，由于食物残渣被用完，对环境的影响也相应更大。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The environmental impact of meat is high mainly due to the feed required by livestock in combination with the impacts of cultivating, transporting and processing of feed crops such as tapioca and grains. Like regular feed crops, livestock also feed on residue from the food industry, such as pulp, scrap and peels. Both types of raw material have different environmental impacts. Feeding food residue to livestock is an efficient way to upgrade a low quality material into high quality foods. In the Netherlands, food residue represents the majority of the feedstock for feed. Distinguishing crops from food residue has consequences for the ascribed environmental impact of meat. This paper separates these two streams using volume, environmental impact and their relevance in meat production. An assessment is made of three food industries (sugar beet industry, vegetable oil industry and potato product industry) that produce the largest stream of food residue, and of the pork industry, as an example of meat production. The environmental impact of food residue-based feed is allocated in three different ways: mass ratio, economic basis, and no assigned burden. We found that the amount of pork produced from food residue is substantial. The environmental impact of food residue-based feed is also significantly lower than grain-based feed. We discuss changes in vegetable and in animal product consumption that influence the environmental impact of pork. It is concluded that the use of current food residue keeps the environmental impact of livestock foods relatively low. However, a further increase in meat consumption would require more feed grains with a correspondingly larger environmental impact because food residues are used up. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.