SPATIAL COMPOSITION AND BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS OF PILGRIMAGE ROUTES IN LHASA CITY, TIBET
SPATIAL COMPOSITION AND BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS OF PILGRIMAGE ROUTES IN LHASA CITY, TIBET
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DOI：
10.3130/aija.77.829
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yingzi Zhang;Shichen Zhao;A. Deguchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yingzi Zhang;Shichen Zhao;A. Deguchi
1.1世纪传入的藏传佛教的理论和意识形态赋予了古老的西藏城市以独特的城市形式，这些城市围绕着宗教核心形成。此外，随着藏传佛教的发展，还发展了一种宗教活动，即绕着圣地顺时针方向沿着特定的路线前往圣地朝圣。这成为西藏人民日常的宗教活动。这种朝圣路线在藏语中被称为科拉路径。随后西藏城市的扩张导致了科拉路径成为纳入城市环境的重要宗教街道，我们在本研究中称之为“科拉街”。拉萨市是西藏的中心城市，市区内有大量宗教建筑和设施。在过去的几十年里，拉萨经历了快速的发展，它经历了很大的物理扩展以及其居民的社会制度的变化。随后，城市的宗教建筑和周围的科拉路径在几个方面发生了变化。首先，直到最近，主要由行人占据的科拉街道的机动化已经导致机动车辆在街道的管理和设计中占据优先地位。第二，要求扩大科拉街道的容量，以容纳不断增加的行人和汽车;此外，游客、购物者等新型行人也导致了街道沿着建筑和设施的再利用。因此，拉萨市科拉街可能面临着来自文化和环境两方面的威胁。在此背景下，研究拉萨市科拉街地区的物质组成和行为特征，对于发现存在的问题、提出未来发展战略具有重要意义，同时也为西藏其他正处于城市化初期的城市提供参考。1.2以往的研究关于西藏城市中的科拉街道空间的研究数量有限。西藏大学和挪威科学大学的一个研究项目探索了科拉街道的一些重要元素作为城市景观的重要因素。1)中国研究人员从西藏历史和文化的角度分析了八廓街（拉萨的科拉街之一）的形成。他们的研究结果显示，
1.1 Background The theories and ideologies of Tibetan Buddhism introduced in the 7th century bestowed old Tibetan cities with unique urban forms that formed around religious cores. Moreover, with the development of Tibetan Buddhism, a religious activity developed in which pilgrimages to sacred places were made following a particular route in a clockwise direction around sacred places. This eventually became a daily religious activity of the Tibetan people. Such pilgrimage routes are called kora paths in Tibetan. The subsequently expansion of Tibetan cities resulted in the kora paths becoming incorporated into urban environments as important religious streets, which we refer to as “kora streets” in this study. Lhasa city, the central city of Tibet, has a large number of religious buildings and facilities within its urban areas. In the last few decades, Lhasa has undergone rapid development, and it has experienced much physical expansion as well as change in terms of the social systems of its residents. Subsequently, the religious buildings and the surrounding Kora paths of the city have changed in several respects. First, the motorization until recently in the kora streets which were mainly occupied by pedestrians has caused the motor vehicles take precedence in the management and design of streets. Second, it has been requested to expand the capacity of the Kora streets to accommodate the ever-increasing numbers of pedestrians and automobiles; in addition, new types of pedestrian such as tourist, shopper, and so on, have led the reuse of buildings and facilities along the streets. As a result, the Kora street in Lhasa city have probable encountered the threats from both of cultural and environmental aspects. In this context, studies on the physical composition and behaviors occurring in the kora street areas of Lhasa city are important to identify existing problems and to propose strategies for future development, as well to provide reference points for other Tibetan cities which are experiencing the early stages of urbanization. 1.2 Previous Research There have been a limited amount of studies on the kora street spaces in Tibetan cities. A research project between Tibet University and the Norwegian University of Science has explored some of the important elements of kora streets as important factors of the urban landscape. 1) The Chinese researchers analyzed the formation of Barkhor Street (one of the kora streets in Lhasa) from the perspective of Tibetan history and culture. The result of their study showed a close