Population attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand women
Population attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand women
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DOI：
10.1111/imj.12256
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Frampton, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayes, J.;Richardson, A.;Frampton, C.
背景乳腺癌是新西兰女性中最常见的浸润性癌症，可改变的生活方式风险因素可能与此有关。目的评估新西兰可改变生活方式因素与乳腺癌的人口归因风险。方法：对可改变的生活方式风险因素对乳腺癌的影响程度（从已发表的流行病学研究中获得的相对风险和优势比）和新西兰的暴露率进行估计，计算每个风险因素的人口归因风险百分比（PAR%）。PAR%显示了这些被考虑的风险因素的相对重要性，并指出了减少这些生活方式风险因素的流行对新西兰乳腺癌发病率的潜在影响。结果确定了6种可改变的乳腺癌生活方式因素。这些因素包括肥胖、缺乏体育活动、大量饮酒、使用口服避孕药、激素替代疗法（HRT）和推迟首次生育。这些风险因素的PAR%范围从延迟首次生育的1%到肥胖的10%（毛利妇女为16%，太平洋妇女为17%）。结论：在新西兰，降低乳腺癌风险的最重要的一级预防策略是改变生活方式以减少肥胖，促进有规律的体育活动（这可能反过来减少肥胖的患病率），减少激素替代疗法的使用和避免高酒精摄入。鼓励定期体育锻炼和减少肥胖的策略也可能有其他好处，比如降低心血管疾病和糖尿病的风险。
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed invasive cancer in New Zealand women and modifiable lifestyle risk factors may contribute to this.AimTo estimate population attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand.MethodsEstimates of the magnitude of the impact of modifiable lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer (relative risks and odds ratios obtained from published epidemiological studies) and the prevalence of exposure in New Zealand were used to calculate the population attributable risk percent (PAR%) for each risk factor. The PAR% show the relative importance of these considered risk factors and give an indication of the potential impact of reducing the prevalence of these lifestyle risk factors on the incidence of breast cancer in New Zealand.ResultsSix modifiable lifestyle factors were identified for breast cancer. These were obesity, lack of physical activity, high alcohol intake, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and delayed first birth. The PAR% for these risk factors ranged from 1% for delayed first birth to 10% for obesity (16% for Maori women and 17% for Pacific women).ConclusionsThe most important primary preventive strategies to reduce the risk of breast cancer in New Zealand are lifestyle changes to reduce obesity, promoting regular physical activity (which may in turn reduce the prevalence of obesity), reducing HRT use and avoiding high alcohol intake. Strategies that encourage regular physical activity and reduce obesity could also have other benefits, such as reduced risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.