Function and Biogenesis of Lipopolysaccharides.
Function and Biogenesis of Lipopolysaccharides.
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DOI：
10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0001-2018
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ruiz, Natividad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bertani, Blake;Ruiz, Natividad
细胞膜是细菌与外界之间的第一道防线。通常，决定化学战、噬菌体感染以及与其他细菌或免疫系统的战斗结果的最初步骤在很大程度上取决于细菌细胞表面的结构和组成。研究最多的细菌表面分子之一是被称为脂多糖（LPS）的糖脂，它是由大多数革兰氏阴性细菌产生的。 LPS 在 20 世纪 00 年代初受到的最初关注很大程度上归因于它刺激免疫系统的能力，为此糖脂通常被称为内毒素。后来发现，LPS 还在细胞表面形成渗透性屏障，并且是革兰氏阴性细菌对许多抗菌药物表现出先天耐药性的主要因素。毫不奇怪，一百多年来，LPS 的这些重要特性催生了大量且仍然多产的文献。 LPS 研究还引发了细菌包膜生物发生和生理学方面的开创性研究，主要使用大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌作为模型系统。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注从 LPS 分子的复杂结构及其合成的生化途径、以及 LPS 穿过细菌包膜的运输及其在细胞表面的组装的研究中获得的基础知识。
The cell envelope is the first line of defense between a bacterium and the world-at-large. Often, the initial steps that determine the outcome of chemical warfare, bacteriophage infections, and battles with other bacteria or the immune system greatly depend on the structure and composition of the bacterial cell surface. One of the most studied bacterial surface molecules is the glycolipid known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is produced by most Gram-negative bacteria. Much of the initial attention LPS received in the early 1900s was owed to its ability to stimulate the immune system, for which the glycolipid was commonly known as endotoxin. It was later discovered that LPS also creates a permeability barrier at the cell surface and is a main contributor to the innate resistance that Gram-negative bacteria display against many antimicrobials. Not surprisingly, these important properties of LPS have driven a vast and still prolific body of literature for more than a hundred years. LPS research has also led to pioneering studies in bacterial envelope biogenesis and physiology, mostly using Escherichia coli and Salmonella as model systems. In this review, we will focus on the fundamental knowledge we have gained from studies of the complex structure of the LPS molecule and the biochemical pathways for its synthesis, as well as the transport of LPS across the bacterial envelope and its assembly at the cell surface.