The Biology of the Escherichia coli Extracellular Matrix.
The Biology of the Escherichia coli Extracellular Matrix.
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.mb-0014-2014
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Chapman MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hufnagel DA;Depas WH;Chapman MR
大肠杆菌（E.大肠杆菌）是世界上特征最好的生物体之一，因为它已经被广泛研究了超过世纪。然而，大部分的工作都集中在E。大肠杆菌在不能真实模拟其自然环境的实验室条件下生长。因此，E.大肠杆菌生理学和生命周期有些偏向于实验系统，功能大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌在试管中快速生长。典型的细菌是大肠杆菌E.大肠杆菌存在于许多动物的下肠中。在下肠外，E.大肠杆菌可以适应和生存在一个非常不同的环境条件。生物膜的形成使E.大肠杆菌在不支持嗜热菌群生长的环境中生存，甚至茁壮成长。E.大肠杆菌几乎可以在任何地方形成生物膜;在尿路感染时在膀胱内，在体内的医疗设备上，以及在宿主体外的植物和土壤中。急诊大肠杆菌细胞外基质主要由名为curli的蛋白质聚合物和多糖纤维素组成，促进对有机和无机表面的粘附，以及对干燥、宿主免疫系统和其他抗菌剂的抵抗力。控制E.大肠杆菌生物膜的形成，纤维素的生产，和curli生物发生将在本书的章节中讨论，最后对大肠杆菌的未来的见解。大肠杆菌生物膜的研究和潜在的治疗。
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the world’s best-characterized organisms, as it has been extensively studied for over a century. However, most of this work has focused on E. coli grown under laboratory conditions that do not faithfully simulate its natural environments. Therefore, the historical perspectives on E. coli physiology and life cycle are somewhat skewed toward experimental systems that feature E. coli growing logarithmically in a test tube. Typically a commensal bacterium, E. coli resides in the lower intestines of a slew of animals. Outside of the lower intestine, E. coli can adapt and survive in a very different set of environmental conditions. Biofilm formation allows E. coli to survive, and even thrive, in environments that do not support the growth of planktonic populations. E. coli can form biofilms virtually everywhere; in the bladder during a urinary tract infection, on in-dwelling medical devices, and outside of the host on plants and in the soil. The E. coli extracellular matrix, primarily composed of the protein polymer named curli and the polysaccharide cellulose, promotes adherence to organic and inorganic surfaces, and resistance to desiccation, the host immune system and other antimicrobials. The pathways that govern E. coli biofilm formation, cellulose production, and curli biogenesis will be discussed in this book chapter, which concludes with insights into the future of E. coli biofilm research and potential therapies.