Prevention and control of hepatitis B in China
Prevention and control of hepatitis B in China
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/jmv.10094
复制
发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Lu, JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun, ZT;Ming, LH;Lu, JH
中国约有1.7亿人慢性乙肝病毒感染者，其中10%患有慢性肝炎。每年约有50万中国人死于乙型肝炎引起的肝细胞癌和末期肝硬化。 1983年至今，在中国启东开展了一项针对8万名儿童的全民乙型肝炎疫苗接种计划以预防慢性肝炎、肝细胞癌和终末期肝硬化的对照临床试验。一项试点研究表明，HBsAg 率在五岁之前就达到成人水平，新生儿接种血浆衍生或重组乙型肝炎疫苗可提供类似的 75% 的 HBV 感染保护效果。队列的高随访率和血液检测覆盖率提供的数据显示，在 10 至 11 岁时，针对血清 HBsAg 以及针对长期肝功能障碍的保护率为 75%。全国控制乙型肝炎的策略是以新生儿全民免疫为基础，先从城市开始，然后是农村地区。大规模的疫苗来源由国内工厂通过技术转让提供，并于1997年首次提供血浆疫苗，并由重组DNA疫苗完全取代。1999年官方对31个省份25878名儿童进行整群抽样调查，乙肝疫苗三剂接种率平均为70.7%，城市地区较高。中国卫生部计划从2002年1月1日起将乙型肝炎疫苗接种纳入全国乙型肝炎疫苗接种计划，并由政府提供疫苗。 ViroL67：447-450，2002。 (C) 2002Wiley-Liss, Inc.
About 170 million Chinese are infected chronically with HBV and 10% suffer from chronic hepatitis. Around half a million Chinese die from hepatitis B caused hepatocellular carcinoma and endstage cirrhosis each year. From 1983 to the present, a controlled clinical trial involving 80,000 children on a universal hepatitis B vaccination programme to prevent chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and endstage cirrhosis was implemented in Qidong, China. A pilot study demonstrated that the HBsAg rate reached the adult level before the fifth year of age, and neonatal vaccination with either plasma-derived or recombinant hepatitis B vaccines provided a similar 75% protective efficacy against HBV infection. The high rate of follow-up and blood tests coverage of the cohorts provided data to show 75% protection at the tenth to eleventh years of age against serum HBsAg and also against prolonged hepatic dysfunction. The strategy of controlling hepatitis B nationwide was based on the universal immunisation of newborns, beginning in cities and then the rural areas. The large-scale vaccine source was provided by domestic plants through technology transfer, first providing plasma-derived vaccine replaced completely by recombinant DNA vaccine in 1997. An official survey in 1999 using a cluster sampling of 25,878 children from 31 provinces reported an average coverage rate of three dose of hepatitis B vaccination of 70.7%, being higher in urban areas. The Ministry of Public Health of China has planned to integrate hepatitis B vaccination into the nationwide EPI program with Government-provided vaccines starting January 1, 2002. J. Med. ViroL67:447-450,2002. (C) 2002Wiley-Liss, Inc.