Effects of pea aphid secondary endosymbionts on aphid resistance and development of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi: a correlative study
Effects of pea aphid secondary endosymbionts on aphid resistance and development of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi: a correlative study
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豌豆蚜次生内共生体对蚜虫抗性和蚜虫蚜虫发育的影响：一项相关研究
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发表时间：
2010
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Weisser
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作者：
F. Nyabuga;Y. Outreman;J. Simon;D. Heckel;W. Weisser
为了降低寄生虫诱导的死亡率，宿主可能参与互惠互动，其中伴侣有助于抵抗寄生虫。摘要豌豆蚜体内存在次生细菌内共生体，其中一些细菌内共生体具有抗蚜性。虽然这种抗性常常导致发育中的拟寄生蜂幼虫死亡，但一些拟寄生蜂个体成功发育成成虫。这些人是否遭受健身减少相比，寄生蜂豌豆蚜虫无性系没有共生体的发展还没有测试到目前为止。利用30个豌豆蚜虫克隆，不同的内共生体的补充，我们研究了这些内共生体对蚜虫的抗性对寄生蜂Aphidius ervi Haliday的影响，寄主-寄生蜂的生理相互作用，和健身新兴的成年寄生蜂。蚜虫克隆中共生体物种的数量与许多抗性测量值呈正相关，但宿主-寄生物相互作用也存在明显的共生体特异性效应。在以前的研究中，豌豆蚜虫克隆感染汉密尔顿防御莫兰等。表现出对寄生性。此外，豌豆蚜克隆感染昆虫Regiella insecticola Moran等和H. defensa-Spiroplasma，R. insecticola-Spiroplasma和R.虫霉H. defensa的寄生率和木乃伊化率降低。从共生体感染的蚜虫克隆中出现的寄生虫通常具有更长的发育时间和减少的质量。当寄生蜂在有共生体补充的蚜虫克隆中产卵时，畸形细胞的数量一般较低。有趣的是，未被寄生的蚜虫感染了共生沙雷氏菌Moran等和R.在未感染豌豆蚜的无性系中，insecticola的繁殖力高于未被寄生的蚜虫。我们的结论是，除了赋予电阻，豌豆蚜虫共生体也产生负面影响寄生蜂成功孵化蚜虫木乃伊。由于蚜虫抗性与畸形细胞数量之间的联系，共生体感染的抗性机制可能涉及干扰畸形细胞发育。
In order to reduce parasite‐induced mortality, hosts may be involved in mutualistic interactions in which the partner contributes to resistance against the parasite. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae), harbours secondary bacterial endosymbionts, some of which have been reported to confer resistance against aphid parasitoids. Although this resistance often results in death of the developing parasitoid larvae, some parasitoid individuals succeed in developing into adults. Whether these individuals suffer from fitness reduction compared to parasitoids developing in pea aphid clones without symbionts has not been tested so far. Using 30 pea aphid clones that differed in their endosymbiont complement, we studied the effects of these endosymbionts on aphid resistance against the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), host–parasitoid physiological interactions, and fitness of emerging adult parasitoids. The number of symbiont species in an aphid clone was positively correlated with a number of resistance measurements but there were also clear symbiont‐specific effects on the host–parasitoid interaction. As in previous studies, pea aphid clones infected with Hamiltonella defensa Moran et al. showed resistance against the parasitoid. In addition, pea aphid clones infected with Regiella insecticola Moran et al. and co‐infections of H. defensa–Spiroplasma, R. insecticola–Spiroplasma, and R. insecticola–H. defensa showed reduced levels of parasitism and mummification. Parasitoids emerging from symbiont‐infected aphid clones often had a longer developmental time and reduced mass. The number of teratocytes was generally lower when parasitoids oviposited in aphid clones with a symbiont complement. Interestingly, unparasitized aphids infected with Serratia symbiotica Moran et al. and R. insecticola had a higher fecundity than unparasitized aphids of uninfected pea aphid clones. We conclude that in addition to conferring resistance, pea aphid symbionts also negatively affect parasitoids that successfully hatch from aphid mummies. Because of the link between aphid resistance and the number of teratocytes, the mechanism underlying resistance by symbiont infection may involve interference with teratocyte development.