The behavioral hierarchy of the molluskPleurobranchaea
The behavioral hierarchy of the molluskPleurobranchaea
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软体动物侧鳃纲的行为等级
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. M. Pinneo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Davis;G. Mpitsos;J. M. Pinneo
摘要在食肉海洋腹足类中，加利福尼亚侧鳃亚目的自发产卵伴随着摄食反应阈值的升高（图1），这是一种可能阻止标本吃自己卵的适应。注射产蛋动物的血液可诱导非产蛋动物的产蛋和摄食反应阈值升高（图2）。因此，致病因子是血液传播的，可能是一种激素。注射取自产蛋标本的整个神经系统的粗提物诱导产蛋，并提高非产蛋标本的摄食阈值（图1和图2）。3A、4A、5、6、7）。因此，这种激素包含在产卵标本的中枢神经系统中。注射取自非产蛋标本的整个神经系统的粗提物对非产蛋标本的产卵有微弱的诱导作用，但对摄食阈值没有提高作用（图1和图2）。3B、4B）。因此，激素（S）可能存在，在少量，在中枢神经系统的非产卵标本。将海水注射到非产卵标本中既不会诱导产卵，也不会提高摄食反应阈值（图1和图2）。3C、4C）。因此，上述影响并非单纯由注射创伤引起。注射从产卵标本中提取的整个神经系统的粗提物不影响戒断反应（图1和图2）。8，9）或扶正行为（图。第10、11段）。因此，激素的抑制作用是有选择性的，优先抑制摄食而不抑制其他行为。这些数据支持了一种或多种激素由神经系统释放到血液中以诱导产卵并同时选择性地抑制摄食行为的假设。研究表明，产卵在侧鳃亚目的行为等级中比摄食占据更大的优势地位，并表明这种优势是由鱼类介导的（图12）。
SummarySpontaneous egg-laying in the carnivorous marine gastropodPleurobranchaea californica is accompanied by elevation of the feeding response threshold (Fig. 1), an adaptation that presumably prevents specimens from eating their own eggs. Injection of blood from egg-laying animals induces egg-laying and elevation of the feeding response threshold in non-laying specimens (Fig. 2). Therefore, the causal agent is blood-borne and presumably a hormone(s). Injection of crude extract of whole nervous systems taken from egg-laying specimens induces egg-laying and elevation of the feeding threshold in non-laying specimens (Figs. 3A, 4A, 5, 6, 7). Therefore, the hormone(s) is contained within the central nervous system of egg-laying specimens. Injection of crude extract of whole nervous systems taken from non-laying specimens weakly induces egg-laying, but not elevation of the feeding threshold, in non-laying specimens (Figs. 3B, 4B). Therefore, the hormone(s) may be present, in small quantities, in the central nervous system of non-laying specimens. Injection of sea water into non-laying specimens neither induces egg-laying nor elevates the feeding response threshold (Figs. 3C, 4C). Therefore, the above effects were not caused simply by the trauma of injection. Injection of crude extract of whole nervous systems taken from egg-laying specimens does not influence withdrawal responses (Figs. 8, 9) or righting behavior (Figs. 10, 11). Therefore, the hormone(s) is selective in its suppressive effect, preferentially inhibiting feeding but not other behaviors.These data support the hypothesis that one or more hormone(s) is released by the nervous system into the blood to induce egg-laying and simultaneously and selectively suppress feeding behavior. The study shows that egg-laying occupies a more dominant position than feeding in the behavioral hierarchy ofPleurobranchaea, and suggests that the dominance is mediated hormonally (Fig. 12).