Assessing the allergenicity of proteins introduced into genetically modified crops using specific human IgE assays.
Assessing the allergenicity of proteins introduced into genetically modified crops using specific human IgE assays.
复制标题
使用特定的人类 IgE 检测评估引入转基因作物的蛋白质的过敏性。
DOI：
10.1093/jaoac/87.6.1423
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
J. Leach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Goodman;J. Leach
全球转基因（GM）作物的商业生产规模已增长至每年超过6700万公顷，主要是耐除草剂和抗虫作物品种。转基因作物是通过插入特定基因产生的，这些基因要么编码一种蛋白质，要么编码一种调控性RNA序列。对每一种新的商业化转基因作物都要进行全面的安全性评估，包括对任何新引入蛋白质潜在过敏性的评估。如果该基因来自一种致敏生物，或者蛋白质序列与一种已知过敏原高度相似，就会进行免疫测定，例如蛋白质印迹分析和酶联免疫吸附测定试验，以确定对基因来源或序列匹配的过敏原来源过敏的个体血清中蛋白质特异性IgE结合情况。尽管此类测定通常用于识别以前未知的过敏原，但尚未建立标准来证明一种蛋白质不太可能引起过敏反应。这篇综述讨论了影响这些测试预测价值的因素，包括血清供体的临床选择标准、减少非特异性抗体结合的封闭试剂的选择、验证结合特异性的抑制试验，以及在缺乏生物阈值相关信息的情况下科学合理的检测限（灵敏度）。
Global commercial production of genetically modified (GM) crops has grown to over 67 million hectares annually, primarily of herbicide-tolerant and insect protection crop varieties. GM crops are produced by the insertion of specific genes that either encode a protein, or a regulatory RNA sequence. A comprehensive safety evaluation is conducted for each new commercial GM crop, including an assessment of the potential allergenicity of any newly introduced protein. If the gene was derived from an allergenic organism, or the protein sequence is highly similar to a known allergen, immunoassays, e.g., Western blot assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, are performed to identify protein-specific IgE binding by sera of individuals allergic to the gene source, or the source of the sequence-matched allergen. Although such assays are commonly used to identify previously unknown allergens, criteria have not been established to demonstrate that a protein is unlikely to cause allergic reactions. This review discusses factors that affect the predictive value of these tests, including clinical selection criteria for serum donors, selection of blocking reagents to reduce nonspecific antibody binding, inhibition assays to verify specificity of binding, and scientifically justified limits of detection (sensitivity) in the absence of information regarding biological thresholds.