Spatial Patterns of Microbial Diversity, Composition and Community Structure in Fe-Mn Deposits and Associated Sediments in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1101/2022.03.21.485154

发表时间：

2022-03

期刊：

bioRxiv

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

N. M. Bergo;Adriana Torres-Ballesteros;C. N. Signori;M. Benites;L. Jovane;B. Murton;U. N. da Rocha;V. Pellizari

深海铁锰矿床的开采将从海底清除大面积的结壳和结核。这些矿物质通过铁和锰的氧化物沉淀生长几毫米，需要数百万年的时间，但人们对它们的微生物群知之甚少。微生物除了是生物地球化学循环的关键元素和深海营养网中食物和能量的重要环节外，还被发现影响氧化锰的形成。因此，多金属结壳和结核可能呈现出独特的栖息地，值得更好地了解。在本研究中，我们测定了大西洋两个海洋海拔，东北的热带海山和西南的里约热内卢大隆起（RGR）的深海铁锰结壳、结核和相关沉积物中细菌和古细菌的组成和多样性。利用Illumina MiSeq平台对16S rRNA基因进行测序，并在r中使用环境数据进行统计分析。此外，我们还收集了来自太平洋Clarion-Clipperton带和Takuyo-Daigo海山的Fe-Mn结壳、结核和相关沉积物的公共领域环境DNA数据，以比较不同海洋盆地Fe-Mn沉积物中的微生物多样性。我们的研究结果表明，与太平洋地区的沉积物相比，大西洋海底山蕴藏着一种不寻常的、未知的铁锰沉积物微生物群，其多样性和丰富度都较低。大西洋海底山的地壳和结核显示了独特的分类群（Alteromonadales， Nitrospira和Magnetospiraceae）的存在，以及与潜在的金属循环细菌（Betaproteobacteriales和Pseudomonadales）相关的较高相对丰度的序列。根据地壳、结核和沉积物的地球化学组成，大西洋海山的微生物多样性被清晰地划分为微生境。此外，利用主坐标分析法进行群落结构分析也表明，各海山的微生物群落在洋盆和采样区有明显的划分。尽管这些沉积物生长的时间尺度为数百万年，但环境环境（温度、盐度、深度、底物地球化学、营养物质和有机质有效性）的组合在形成地壳和结核微生物组方面发挥了重要作用，这在大西洋和太平洋的铁锰矿床中是不同的。我们的研究结果表明，生活在铁锰矿床中的微生物群落参与了深海生态系统不可或缺的生物地球化学反应，这意味着了解微生物群落对于潜在深海采矿区域的任何基线环境研究都是至关重要的。与太平洋沉积物相比，大西洋沉积物显示出较低的多样性和丰富度。铁锰结壳和结核是一个潜在的特定生态位。大西洋铁锰沉积物中含有一种不寻常的未知微生物组

Mining of deep-sea Fe-Mn deposits will remove crusts and nodules in large areas from the seafloor. The growth of a few millimeters of these minerals by Fe and Mn oxides precipitation takes millions of years, and yet little is known about their microbiome. Besides being key elements of the biogeochemical cycles and essential links of food and energy to deep-sea trophic webs, microbes have been identified to affect manganese oxide formation. Hence, polymetallic crusts and nodules may present unique habitats that deserve better understanding. In this study, we determined the composition and diversity of Bacteria and Archaea in deep-sea Fe-Mn crusts, nodules, and associated sediments from two oceanic elevations in the Atlantic Ocean, the Tropic Seamount in the northeast and the Rio Grande Rise (RGR) in the southwest. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform and statistical analyses using environmental data were performed in R. Additionally, we included public domain environmental DNA data of Fe-Mn crusts, nodules, and associated sediments from Clarion-Clipperton Zone and Takuyo-Daigo Seamount in the Pacific Ocean to compare microbial diversity in Fe-Mn deposits from different ocean basins. Our results indicated that Atlantic seamounts harbor an unusual and unknown Fe-Mn deposit microbiome with lower diversity and richness compared to deposits from Pacific areas. Crusts and nodules from Atlantic seamounts revealed the presence of unique taxa (Alteromonadales, Nitrospira, and Magnetospiraceae) and a higher relative abundance of sequences related to potential metal-cycling bacteria, such as Betaproteobacteriales and Pseudomonadales. The microbial beta-diversity from Atlantic seamounts was clearly grouped into microhabitats according to crusts, nodules, and sediments geochemical composition. Furthermore, community structure analysis using principal coordinate analysis also showed that the microbial communities of all seamounts were significantly divided into ocean basins and sampling areas. Despite the time scale of million years for these deposits to grow, a combination of environmental settings (temperature, salinity, depth, substrate geochemistry, nutrient, and organic matter availability) played a significant role in shaping the crusts and nodules microbiome, which was distinct between the Atlantic and Pacific Fe-Mn deposits. Our results suggest that the microbial community inhabiting Fe-Mn deposits participate in biogeochemical reactions indispensable to deep-sea ecosystems, which implies that understanding the microbial community is of utmost importance for any baseline environmental study in areas of potential deep-sea mining. Graphical abstract Highlights Atlantic deposits showed lower diversity and richness compared to Pacific deposits Fe-Mn crusts and nodules are a potential specific ecological niche Atlantic Fe-Mn deposits harbor an unusual and unknown microbiome Temperature, salinity, depth, and substrate geochemistry at Atlantic Fe-Mn deposits may drive community composition

Spatial Patterns of Microbial Diversity, Composition and Community Structure in Fe-Mn Deposits and Associated Sediments in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

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