Insects and allies associated with bromeliads: a review.
Insects and allies associated with bromeliads: a review.
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与凤梨科植物相关的昆虫和盟友：综述。
DOI：
10.1163/187498308x414742
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lounibos,LP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frank,JH;Lounibos,LP
凤梨科（Bromeliaceae）是新热带植物科，约有2,900种.它们在建筑上有很大的不同。许多植物在其内部叶腋蓄水形成植物池，为陆生节肢动物和水生幼虫提供栖息地，而其外部叶腋则为完全陆生节肢动物的集合提供了陆地。许多凤梨科植物是附生的。主要陆生节肢动物与水生幼虫栖息在凤梨植物群落中，典型的是双翅目的幼虫，其中至少有16个科已被报道，但在某些情况下是鞘翅目，其中只有3个科已被报道。其他种类包括螃蟹和蜻蜓目、鳞翅目和毛翅目昆虫，以及成虫活跃在水面上的半翅目昆虫。数百种节肢动物是食草动物或捕食者，不会伤害它们的宿主植物。他们中的许多人是这个栖息地的专家。陆生节肢动物与陆生幼虫栖息在凤梨terraria包括更多的蜘蛛和昆虫的订单，但相对较少的专家，这个栖息地。它们也是食草动物或掠食者。食草节肢动物，特别是鞘翅目和鳞翅目的食草节肢动物，食用凤梨科植物的叶、茎、花、花粉和根。一些食草动物消耗花蜜，其中一些和其他节肢动物提供授粉，甚至传播种子。蚂蚁与凤梨科植物有着复杂的关系，一些是食草动物，一些是保护植物免受食草动物的侵害，还有一些仅仅是在凤梨属植物中筑巢。一些作为食肉凤梨科的食物，凤梨科也吃其他陆地昆虫。凤梨科植物被更多种类的节肢动物拜访，而不是在其中繁殖。这是特别值得注意的是在旱季，当凤梨提供潮湿的避难所。
AbstractBromeliads are a Neotropical plant family (Bromeliaceae) with about 2,900 described species. They vary considerably in architecture. Many impound water in their inner leaf axils to form phytotelmata (plant pools), providing habitat for terrestrial arthropods with aquatic larvae, while their outer axils provide terraria for an assemblage of fully terrestrial arthropods. Many bromeliads are epiphytic. Dominant terrestrial arthropods with aquatic larvae inhabiting bromeliad phytotelmata are typically larvae of Diptera, of which at least 16 families have been reported, but in some circumstances are Coleoptera, of which only three families have been reported. Other groups include crabs and the insect orders Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, plus Hemiptera with adults active on the water surface. The hundreds of arthropod species are detritivores or predators and do not harm their host plants. Many of them are specialists to this habitat. Terrestrial arthropods with terrestrial larvae inhabiting bromeliad terraria include many more arachnid and insect orders, but relatively few specialists to this habitat. They, too, are detritivores or predators. Arthropod herbivores, especially Curculionidae (Coleoptera) and Lepidoptera, consume leaves, stems, flowers, pollen, and roots of bromeliads. Some herbivores consume nectar, and some of these and other arthropods provide pollination and even seed-dispersal. Ants have complex relationships with bromeliads, a few being herbivores, some guarding the plants from herbivory, and some merely nesting in bromeliad terraria. A few serve as food for carnivorous bromeliads, which also consume other terrestrial insects. Bromeliads are visited by far more species of arthropods than breed in them. This is especially notable during dry seasons, when bromeliads provide moist refugia.