Error in chess: The apperception-restructuring view
Error in chess: The apperception-restructuring view
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国际象棋错误：统觉重构观点
DOI：
10.1007/bf01359219
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Saariluoma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Saariluoma
摘要为了研究棋手思维中的认知错误，进行了五个关于战术位置、终局位置和策略位置的协议分析实验。有人会争辩说，棋手的错误只能用未指明的工作内存超载来部分解释，因为求解路径引起的工作内存负载通常很小。因此，随着这些控制信息的吸收，也有必要考虑感知机制。受试者失败的原因要么是他们根本看不到正确的原型问题空间，要么是因为他们因为错过了一些与任务相关的关键线索而未能关闭这些空间。这使得棋手失去了对想法的信念并进行了重组，之后感知信息选择机制使得解决方案的前进变得更加不可能。
SummaryFive protocol-analysis experiments with tactical, endgame, and strategic positions were conducted to study cognitive errors in chess players' thinking. It will be argued that chess players' errors can be only partially explained in terms of unspecified working-memory overload, because the working-memory loads caused by the solution paths are usually small. It is therefore necessary to consider apperceptive mechanisms also, as these control information intake.Subjects fail either because they are not able to see the right prototypical problem space at all, or because they fail to close them as a result of missing some crucial task-relevant cue. This makes chess players lose their “belief in the idea” and restructure, after which the apperceptive information-selection mechanisms make the fording of the solution still more unlikely.