Notes on variable colors of flower petals
Notes on variable colors of flower petals
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DOI：
10.1021/ja01875a510
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发表时间：
1939-01-01
影响因子：
15
通讯作者：
Robinson, GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robinson, GM
这些音符指的是不是由于基本花青素的变化而引起的变化。人们已经注意到，花颜色的一个因素是花青素的浓度以及花青素与单宁和黄酮醇类辅色素浓度的比例。一个很好的例子是普通的丁香，其中的辅色素基本上保持不变。淡紫色的花比红色的花含有少得多的花青素。1在后一种情况下，辅色素不能改变所有存在的花青素苷的颜色。第二个因素是胶体缔合，可能与多糖有关（见前注），在这种情况下，大量花青素的形成也可能产生新的色泽。第三个因素是由于表面现象（移动的离子的扩散）引起的pH值的实际变化，第四个和第五个因素可以分别是纤维的染色和颜料的结晶。由于微量元素如铁的变化也是可能的，但尚未在任何一种情况下得到肯定的承认。一个常见的现象是，一个红芽变成紫红色，紫色，紫罗兰色或蓝色时，花开放或稍晚;由于褪色和失去活力的变化不在考虑之列。这一序列仅在具有相对高pH值（约6.0）的花中观察到。以下是代表性的意见，并附上一些例外情况的说明。在研磨材料（3g.）用蒸馏水（14 cc.）胜红蓟红色幼芽（pH 6.0）发育成紫色花（pH 5.8）。花青素是一种酰化的花青素二葡萄糖苷。花蕾中花色苷的浓度高于花中花色苷的浓度，但花中黄酮与花色苷的比例高于花蕾。
These notes refer to variations not due to change in the basic anthocyanins. It has already been notedthat a factor for flower color is the concentration of the anthocyanin and the ratio of this to the concentration of co-pigments of the tannin and flavonol classes. A good example is the ordinary lilac in whichthe co-pigment remains substantially constant. The pale mauve colored flowers contain much less anthocyanin than the redflowers. 1 In the latter case the co-pigment is unable to modify the color of all the anthocyanin present. A second factor is colloid association, probably with polysaccharides (see the preceding note) and in this case too the developmentof much anthocyanin may produce a new shade. A third factor is virtual change of pH due to surface phenomena (diffusion of mobile ions), and fourth and fifth may be dyeing of the fibers and crystallization of the pigment, respectively. Modifications due to traces of elements such as iron are also possible but havenot yet been recognized with certainty in any one case. A common phenomenon is that of a red bud which becomes mauve, purple, violet or blue when the flower opens or a little later; changes due to fading and loss of vigor are not under consideration. This sequence has only been observed in flowers characterized by relatively high pH (about 6.0). The following are repre-sentative observations and some notes on excep-tional cases are appended. pH was determined after trituration of the material (3 g.) with dis-tilled water (14 cc.).Ageratum.—Young red buds {pH 6.0) develop into violet flowers {pH 5.8). Theanthocyanin is an acylated cyanidin diglucoside. The concentration of anthocyanin is higher in the buds than in the flowers but the ratio of flavone to anthocyanin is higher in the flowers than in the buds.