Context-dependent effects on analogical transfer
Context-dependent effects on analogical transfer
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对类比迁移的上下文相关影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Robert W. Weisberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Mason Spencer;Robert W. Weisberg
在两个实验中研究了上下文在促进类比迁移中的作用。在这两个实验中，受试者首先阅读两个与 Duncker（1945）辐射问题类似的故事。后来，受试者尝试解决辐射问题。在实验 1 中，辐射问题在与故事不同的背景下呈现，并持续了 6 分钟。在被提示使用早期故事来解决问题的受试者中观察到迁移。然而，没有给出此类提示的受试者的解决问题频率与对照水平没有差异。在实验 2 中，辐射问题是在与早期故事相同的背景下向某些受试者提出的，而对于其他受试者则是在不同的背景下提出的。辐射问题出现的时间也各不相同。当故事与辐射问题之间有 6 分钟的间隔时，转移是上下文的函数，在相同上下文条件下观察到弱转移，而在不同上下文条件下观察不到转移。延迟 45 秒后，在相同上下文条件下再次观察到转移，而在不同上下文条件下观察到不显着的转移趋势。结果被解释为表明上下文有助于检索相关的问题解决模式，并表明拥有相关模式不足以产生类比迁移。
The role of context in facilitating analogical transfer was investigated in two experiments. In both experiments, subjects first read two stories that were analogous to Duncker’s (1945) radiation problem. Later, subjects attempted to solve the radiation problem. In Experiment 1, the radiation problem was presented in a different context than that of the stories, and followed them by 6 min. Transfer was observed in subjects who were prompted to use the earlier stories in solving the problem. However, the solution frequency of subjects not given such prompts did not differ from control levels. In Experiment 2, the radiation problem was presented in the same context as the earlier stories to some subjects, and in a different context to others. The timing of the radiation problem also was varied. When a 6-min interval separated the stories from the radiation problem, transfer was a function of context, with weak transfer being observed in the samecontext condition, and no transfer being observed in the different-context condition. At a 45-sec delay, transfer was again observed in the same~ontext condition, and a nonsignificant trend toward transfer was observed in the different-context condition. The results were interpreted as indicating that context facilitates the retrieval of relevant problem-solving schemas, and as suggesting that the possession of relevant schemas is not sufficient to produce analogical transfer.