Optimal metrology with programmable quantum sensors
Optimal metrology with programmable quantum sensors
复制标题
可编程量子传感器的最佳计量
DOI：
10.1038/s41586-022-04435-4
复制
发表时间：
2022-03-24
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Monz, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marciniak, Christian D.;Feldker, Thomas;Monz, Thomas
量子传感器是一项成熟的技术，它为科学领域的精确传感创造了新的机会。将纠缠用于量子增强将使我们能够构建下一代传感器，这些传感器可以接近量子物理允许的基本精度极限。然而，确定如何使用最先进的传感平台来融合这些最终限制是一个突出的挑战。在这里，我们将量子信息处理领域的概念与计量学相结合，并成功地在实验上实现了一种可编程的量子传感器，其操作接近量子力学定律施加的基本限制。我们通过使用低深度、参数化的量子电路来实现这一点，该电路为囚禁离子实验中的传感任务实现了最佳的输入态和测量算子。对于26个离子，我们达到了1.45+/-0.01倍的基本传感极限，超过了1.87+/-0.03倍的传统自旋压缩。与不使用纠缠协议的传统方法相比，我们的方法将达到给定Allan偏差的平均数减少了1.59+/-0.06倍。我们进一步进行了器件上的量子经典反馈优化，以便在性能相当的情况下对可编程量子传感器进行‘自校准’。这种能力表明，这种下一代量子传感器可以在没有设备或其噪声环境的事先知识的情况下使用。
Quantum sensors are an established technology that has created new opportunities for precision sensing across the breadth of science. Using entanglement for quantum enhancement will allow us to construct the next generation of sensors that can approach the fundamental limits of precision allowed by quantum physics. However, determining how state-of-the-art sensing platforms may be used to converge to these ultimate limits is an outstanding challenge. Here we merge concepts from the field of quantum information processing with metrology, and successfully implement experimentally a programmable quantum sensor operating close to the fundamental limits imposed by the laws of quantum mechanics. We achieve this by using low-depth, parametrized quantum circuits implementing optimal input states and measurement operators for a sensing task on a trapped-ion experiment. With 26 ions, we approach the fundamental sensing limit up to a factor of 1.45 +/- 0.01, outperforming conventional spin-squeezing with a factor of 1.87 +/- 0.03. Our approach reduces the number of averages to reach a given Allan deviation by a factor of 1.59 +/- 0.06 compared with traditional methods not using entanglement-enabled protocols. We further perform on-device quantum-classical feedback optimization to 'self-calibrate' the programmable quantum sensor with comparable performance. This ability illustrates that this next generation of quantum sensor can be used without previous knowledge of the device or its noise environment.