Relevance of Deep-Subsurface Microbiology for Underground Gas Storage and Geothermal Energy Production
Relevance of Deep-Subsurface Microbiology for Underground Gas Storage and Geothermal Energy Production
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DOI：
10.1007/10_2013_257
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Krueger, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gniese, Claudia;Bombach, Petra;Krueger, Martin
本章向读者介绍了深部地质系统的微生物学，特别侧重于潜在的地球生物技术应用和相应的风险评估。几十年来，人们已经知道微生物活性是石油、天然气和煤储层中烃类降解或转化的原因。这些过程发生在没有氧气的情况下，这是这种深层生态系统的典型特征。了解负责任的微生物过程及其环境调节不仅具有重大的科学意义。它还具有重大的经济和社会意义，因为这些过程直接或间接地影响到所储存的石油或天然气的数量和质量。正如下一章所概述的，除了常规的碳氢化合物之外，由于不同的技术发展，对这种深层地下系统的新兴趣正在上升。这些与相关的地质微生物学主题一起介绍。捕获和长期储存大量的二氧化碳，例如在枯竭的石油和天然气储藏中捕获和储存碳，被认为是减少温室气体排放和全球变暖的一个重要选择。另一方面，来自自然和可再生能源的能源贡献越来越大，如风能、太阳能、地热能或沼气生产，导致对可再生能源地下储存的兴趣越来越大。能量载体，即沼气、甲烷或氢气，通常以非恒定的方式产生，并且可再生能源可以在距离需要它的地方一定距离处产生。因此，将能量转化为甲烷或氢气后储存在多孔储层或盐穴中被广泛讨论。所有这些发展为微生物学家和地球生物技术学家创造了新的研究领域和挑战。作为各自未来工作的基础，我们介绍了三个主要主题，即CCS，可再生能源生产气体的地下储存和地热能的生产，并总结了当前有关地质微生物学和地质生物技术方面的知识。最后，对未来的研究提出了建议。
This chapter gives the reader an introduction into the microbiology of deep geological systems with a special focus on potential geobiotechnological applications and respective risk assessments. It has been known for decades that microbial activity is responsible for the degradation or conversion of hydrocarbons in oil, gas, and coal reservoirs. These processes occur in the absence of oxygen, a typical characteristic of such deep ecosystems. The understanding of the responsible microbial processes and their environmental regulation is not only of great scientific interest. It also has substantial economic and social relevance, inasmuch as these processes directly or indirectly affect the quantity and quality of the stored oil or gas. As outlined in the following chapter, in addition to the conventional hydrocarbons, new interest in such deep subsurface systems is rising for different technological developments. These are introduced together with related geomicrobiological topics. The capture and long-term storage of large amounts of carbon dioxide, carbon capture and storage (CCS), for example, in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, is considered to be an important option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. On the other hand, the increasing contribution of energy from natural and renewable sources, such as wind, solar, geothermal energy, or biogas production leads to an increasing interest in underground storage of renewable energies. Energy carriers, that is, biogas, methane, or hydrogen, are often produced in a nonconstant manner and renewable energy may be produced at some distance from the place where it is needed. Therefore, storing the energy after its conversion to methane or hydrogen in porous reservoirs or salt caverns is extensively discussed. All these developments create new research fields and challenges for microbiologists and geobiotechnologists. As a basis for respective future work, we introduce the three major topics, that is, CCS, underground storage of gases from renewable energy production, and the production of geothermal energy, and summarize the current state of knowledge about related geomicrobiological and geobiotechnological aspects in this chapter. Finally, recommendations are made for future research.