ECONOMICS, ECOLOGICS, AND MECHANICS - THE DYNAMICS OF RESPONDING UNDER CONDITIONS OF VARYING MOTIVATION
ECONOMICS, ECOLOGICS, AND MECHANICS - THE DYNAMICS OF RESPONDING UNDER CONDITIONS OF VARYING MOTIVATION
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1995.64-405
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
KILLEEN, PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KILLEEN, PR
Killeen (1994) 开发的行为机制被扩展到处理剥夺和饱足感以及治疗开始时的唤醒恢复。扩展理论根据饱和曲线和会话内响应率变化进行了验证。异常情况，例如（a）在某些情况下激励幅度和响应率之间呈正相关，而在其他情况下呈负相关，以及（b）当激励幅度在会话内而不是会话之间变化时，激励效果更加突出，这些现象是根据内驱力和激励动机的基本相互作用来解释的。这些模型适用于来自封闭经济体的数据，其中饱腹感水平的变化在决定行为变化方面发挥着关键作用。在这些情况下，放宽各种假设会导致响应率和需求函数的封闭式模型，这些模型显示出与数据的合理一致性，并强化了将单价作为控制变量的论点。剥夺水平在这种治疗中的核心作用使其有别于经济模型。有人认为，传统实验应该重新设计以揭示基本原理，生态实验应该重新设计以测试这些原理在更自然的背景下的适用性，行为经济学应该包括这些原理在经济背景下的应用，而不是采用经济模型作为行为分析的替代品。
The mechanics of behavior developed by Killeen (1994) is extended to deal with deprivation and satiation and with recovery of arousal at the beginning of sessions. The extended theory is validated against satiation curves and within-session changes in response rates. Anomalies, such as (a) the positive correlation between magnitude of an incentive and response rates in some contexts and a negative correlation in other contexts and (b) the greater prominence of incentive effects when magnitude is varied within the session rather than between sessions, are explained in terms of the basic interplay of drive and incentive motivation. The models are applied to data from closed economies in which changes of satiation levels play a key role in determining the changes in behavior. Relaxation of various assumptions leads to closed-form models for response rates and demand functions in these contexts, ones that show reasonable accord with the data and reinforce arguments for unit price as a controlling variable. The central role of deprivation level in this treatment distinguishes it from economic models. It is argued that traditional experiments should be redesigned to reveal basic principles, that ecologic experiments should be redesigned to test the applicability of those principles in more natural contexts, and that behavioral economics should consist of the applications of these principles to economic contexts, not the adoption of economic models as alternatives to behavioral analysis.