A Rapid Form of Offline Consolidation in Skill Learning
A Rapid Form of Offline Consolidation in Skill Learning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.049
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发表时间：
2019-04-22
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Cohen, Leonardo G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boenstrup, Marlene;Iturrate, Inaki;Cohen, Leonardo G.
大脑通过巩固来加强记忆，定义为在练习结束和下一次练习开始之间抵抗干扰（稳定）或性能改善（离线增益）[1]。通常情况下，巩固已经测量完成训练后的几个小时或几天[2]，但同样的概念可能适用于在同一会话中的一系列练习中穿插发生的休息时间。在这里，我们前所未有地仔细研究了早期人类程序性学习在几秒钟内的时间过程，包括交替的短期练习和休息，这构成了一个典型的在线培训课程。我们发现，在短时间的练习中，成绩没有明显变化。另一方面，在练习期间，当受试者休息时，表现的改善是显着的，并占早期程序学习。这些离线改进在早期训练试验中更为突出，当时学习曲线陡峭，并且在之前的练习期间没有表现下降。在神经水平上，同步脑磁图记录显示了这种现象的解剖学定义的签名。在对侧额顶叶网络中的β-波段脑振荡活动预测了休息期性能的改善。与其在感觉运动参与中的作用一致[3]，β活动的调制可能反映了休息期间任务过程的重放。我们报告了一种快速形式的离线巩固，大大有助于早期技能学习，并可能将巩固的概念扩展到秒级的时间尺度，而不是传统上接受的小时或天。
The brain strengthens memories through consolidation, defined as resistance to interference (stabilization) or performance improvements between the end of a practice session and the beginning of the next (offline gains) [1]. Typically, consolidation has been measured hours or days after the completion of training [2], but the same concept may apply to periods of rest that occur interspersed in a series of practice bouts within the same session. Here, we took an unprecedented close look at the within-seconds time course of early human procedural learning over alternating short periods of practice and rest that constitute a typical online training session. We found that performance did not markedly change over short periods of practice. On the other hand, performance improvements in between practice periods, when subjects were at rest, were significant and accounted for early procedural learning. These offline improvements were more prominent in early training trials when the learning curve was steep and no performance decrements during preceding practice periods were present. At the neural level, simultaneous magnetoencephalo-graphic recordings showed an anatomically defined signature of this phenomenon. Beta-band brain oscillatory activity in a predominantly contralateral frontoparietal network predicted rest-period performance improvements. Consistent with its role in sensorimotor engagement [3], modulation of beta activity may reflect replay of task processes during rest periods. We report a rapid form of offline consolidation that substantially contributes to early skill learning and may extend the concept of consolidation to a time scale in the order of seconds, rather than the hours or days traditionally accepted.