Cellular mechanisms of the protective effect of polyphenols on the neurovascular unit in strokes
Cellular mechanisms of the protective effect of polyphenols on the neurovascular unit in strokes
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DOI：
10.2174/187152506778520691
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Andriantsitohaina, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Curin, Y.;Ritz, M. F.;Andriantsitohaina, R.
越来越多的证据表明，我们对中风的看法应该是综合性的，因此，一种关于神经血管单元中细胞（如内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞和神经元）之间动态相互作用的概念正在兴起。在这种疾病发作期间，一系列相互关联的复杂病理生理过程会损害脑组织，从而改变该单元的功能。新的策略既针对内皮完整性的保护，也针对离子失衡、兴奋性毒性以及神经血管单元内活性氧生成所诱导的有害影响。多酚具有多种生物学效应，可能参与神经血管单元的保护，包括抗血小板聚集活性、抗氧化和清除自由基的特性。此外，多酚通过产生一氧化氮成为强大的血管扩张剂，并且能够作用于心血管系统保护基因的表达。而且，多酚通过作用于与内皮细胞凋亡相关的信号级联，有助于维持神经血管单元中细胞（主要是内皮细胞）的完整性。多酚的所有这些效应可能会干扰动脉粥样硬化斑块的发展和稳定性、血管血栓形成和堵塞，因此可能解释其血管保护和神经保护特性。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注多酚对中风复杂病理生理事件的有益影响，并将讨论设计一种有效且耐受性良好的治疗方法的有用提示。
Increasing evidence has suggested that our view of stroke should be integrative, and thus a concept of dynamic interaction between cells belonging to the neurovascular unit, such as endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons, is emerging. The functionality of this unit is altered by the complex series of interconnected pathophysio logical processes that damage the brain tissue during this kind of attack. The new strategies target both the preservation of endothelium integrity and the deleterious effects induced by ionic imbalance, excitotoxicity, and the generation of reactive oxygen species within the neurovascular unit. Polyphenols exert numerous biological effects that might participate in the protection of the neurovascular unit, including anti-aggregatory platelet activity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Moreover, polyphenols are powerful vasodilators through the generation of NO, and can act on the expression of genes protective of the cardiovascular system. Also, polyphenols contribute to the preservation of the integrity of cells belonging to the neurovascular unit, mainly the endothelium, by acting on the signaling cascades implicated in endothelial apoptosis. All these effects of polyphenols might interfere with atherosclerotic plaque development and stability, vascular thrombosis and occlusion and therefore might explain their vascular- and neuroprotective properties. In this review, we focus on the beneficial effects of polyphenols on the complex pathophysiological events of stroke and helpful indications for the design of an effective and well-tolerated therapy will be discussed.