Reanalysis of the Spin Direction Distribution of Galaxy Zoo SDSS Spiral Galaxies
Reanalysis of the Spin Direction Distribution of Galaxy Zoo SDSS Spiral Galaxies
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DOI：
10.1155/2023/4114004
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Darius Mcadam;L. Shamir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Darius Mcadam;L. Shamir
在过去的二十年里，斯隆数字巡天中螺旋星系的自旋方向分布一直是一个争论的话题，即使在使用相同数据的情况下，也报告了相互矛盾的结论。在这里，我们遵循之前的一个实验，应用SpArcFiRe算法来注释Galaxy Zoo 1原始数据集中的自旋方向。星系自旋方向的注释是在选择螺旋星系的第一步之后以三种不同的方式进行的：通过星系动物园分类进行手动分析，通过模型驱动的计算机分析，以及不选择螺旋星系。结果表明，当星系动物园志愿者选择螺旋星系时，SpArcFiRe确定的它们的自旋方向分布不是随机的，这与以前的报道一致。当使用模型驱动的计算机分析选择螺旋星系或根本不选择螺旋星系时，分布也不是随机的。简单的二项分布分析表明，奇偶违反的概率发生的机会是低于0.01。将从地球观测到的自旋方向拟合为余弦依赖性，显示出统计强度为2.33 σ至3.97 σ的偶极轴。这些实验表明，无论选择机制和分析方法如何，所有实验都显示出相似的结论。这些结果与以前使用其他方法和望远镜的报告一致，表明从地球上观察到的螺旋星系的自旋方向显示出由其自旋方向形成的偶极轴。可能的解释可能与宇宙的大尺度结构或星系的内部结构有关。作为这项研究的一部分，所产生的注释星系的目录是可用的。
The distribution of the spin directions of spiral galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey has been a topic of debate in the past two decades, with conflicting conclusions reported even in cases where the same data were used. Here, we follow one of the previous experiments by applying the SpArcFiRe algorithm to annotate the spin directions in an original dataset of Galaxy Zoo 1. The annotation of the galaxy spin directions is carried out after the first step of selecting the spiral galaxies in three different manners: manual analysis by Galaxy Zoo classifications, by a model-driven computer analysis, and with no selection of spiral galaxies. The results show that when spiral galaxies are selected by Galaxy Zoo volunteers, the distribution of their spin directions as determined by SpArcFiRe is not random, which agrees with previous reports. When selecting the spiral galaxies using a model-driven computer analysis or without selecting the spiral galaxies at all, the distribution is also not random. Simple binomial distribution analysis shows that the probability of the parity violation to occur by chance is lower than 0.01. Fitting the spin directions as observed from the Earth to cosine dependence exhibits a dipole axis with statistical strength of 2.33 σ to 3.97 σ . These experiments show that regardless of the selection mechanism and the analysis method, all experiments show similar conclusions. These results are aligned with previous reports using other methods and telescopes, suggesting that the spin directions of spiral galaxies as observed from the Earth exhibit a dipole axis formed by their spin directions. Possible explanations can be related to the large-scale structure of the universe or to the internal structure of galaxies. The catalogs of annotated galaxies generated as part of this study are available.