The effect of smoking nicotine tobacco versus smoking deprivation on motion sickness
The effect of smoking nicotine tobacco versus smoking deprivation on motion sickness
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.autneu.2010.09.009
复制
发表时间：
2011-02-24
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Gresty, Michael A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Golding, John F.;Prosyanikova, Olena;Gresty, Michael A.
背景：有经验的吸烟者通过一口一口的自我控制来保持足够的尼古丁水平，这也避免了尼古丁过量的症状恶心效应。据推测，存在一个不同的“恶心的动态阈值”，对此晕动病敏感性提供了一个客观的无毒素探针。假设是：(I)尼古丁促进晕动病，而剥夺则起保护作用；(Ii)尼古丁的愉悦效应防止晕动病，而戒烟的不良影响则相反。方法：26名健康的习惯性吸烟者(平均+/-SD)每天15.3+/-7.6支香烟，暴露在转盘上的挑衅性交叉耦合(Coriolis)运动中，每30s进行8次头部运动。这持续到了中度恶心的地步。结果：客观测量证实戒烟后呼出气一氧化碳含量较低(P<；0.001)，吸烟量(8.5+/-5.6ppm)低于吸烟量(16.0+/-6.3ppm)；静息心率较低(P<；0.001)剥夺(67.9%+/-8.4bpm)与吸烟(74.3%+/-9.5bpm)。平均SD序列的头部运动耐受达到中度恶心剥夺(21.3+/-9.9)比吸烟(18.3+/-8.5)更多(P=0.014)。讨论：短期戒烟有助于耐受运动病，支持假说(I)，但不支持假说(II)。其效果大约相当于抗运动病药物效果的一半。通过手术暂时戒除尼古丁可以解释为什么吸烟者术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的风险降低。(C)2010爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Background: The experienced smoker maintains adequate nicotine levels by 'puff-by-puff self-control' which also avoids symptomatic nauseating effects of nicotine overdose. It is postulated that there is a varying 'dynamic threshold for nausea' into which motion sickness susceptibility provides an objective toxin-free probe. Hypotheses were that: (i) nicotine promotes motion sickness whereas deprivation protects; and (ii) pleasurable effects of nicotine protect against motion sickness whereas adverse effects of withdrawal have the opposite effect.Methods: Twenty-six healthy habitual cigarette smokers (mean +/- SD) 15.3 +/- 7.6 cigs/day, were exposed to a provocative cross-coupled (coriolis) motion on a turntable, with sequences of 8 head movements every 30s. This continued to the point of moderate nausea. Subjects were tested after either ad-lib normal smoking (SMOKE) or after overnight deprivation (DEPRIV), according to a repeated measures design counter-balanced for order with 1-week interval between tests.Results: Deprivation from recent smoking was confirmed by objective measures: exhaled carbon monoxide CO was lower (P < 0.001) for DEPRIV (8.5 +/- 5.6 ppm) versus SMOKE (16.0 +/- 6.3 ppm); resting heart rate was lower (P < 0.001) for DEPRIV (67.9 +/- 8.4 bpm) versus SMOKE (74.3 +/- 9.5 bpm). Mean SD sequences of head movements tolerated to achieve moderate nausea were more (P = 0.014) for DEPRIV (21.3 +/- 9.9) versus SMOKE (18.3 +/- 8.5).Discussion: Tolerance to motion sickness was aided by short-term smoking deprivation, supporting Hypothesis (i) but not Hypothesis (ii). The effect was was approximately equivalent to half of the effect of an anti-motion sickness drug. Temporary nicotine withdrawal pen-operatively may explain why smokers have reduced risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.