THE DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION HYPOTHESIS - AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST
THE DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION HYPOTHESIS - AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST
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DOI：
10.1086/284877
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发表时间：
1988-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
BURLEY, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BURLEY, N
对圈养的色带斑雀种群的父母投资的时间预算估计表明，相对吸引力与父母投资的分配有关，正如差异分配假说所预测的那样：有吸引力的鸟产生的父母支出较小；没有吸引力的鸟有较大的父母支出。这一结果出现在两个实验中：在一个实验中，色带被用来控制女性的吸引力，而在另一个实验中，男性的吸引力被用来控制。吸引力与参与父母行为有关，但与防御和争斗行为无关。在有色带和没有色带的人群中，父亲的平均支出(PE)几乎相同。总体而言，男性在白天花费的时间占总时间的43%-45%。如果父母的投资与PE(加速成本假说)呈非线性增长，那么对支出的估计就是对父母投资差异的保守估计，至少在极端情况下是这样。这里报道的结果，结合以前报道的结果，共同表明，相貌平平的鸟与同性相貌漂亮的鸟相比，其后代的父母投资较高，寿命较短，长期繁殖成功率较低。研究结果支持这样一种观点，即生殖努力是有代价的，这是一个很少被检验的进化原理；它们展示了个体如何有利可图地操纵有限的生殖资源供应；它们展示了一种机制，通过这种机制，性选择可以在有大量双亲照顾的物种中进行。
Time-budget estimates of parental investment in captive populations of color-banded zebra finches demonstrate that relative attractiveness correlates with the apportionment of parental investment as predicted by the differential-allocation hypothesis: attractive birds incur smaller parental expenditures; unattractive birds have larger ones. This result occurred in two experiments: color banding was used to manipulate female attractiveness in one experiment and male attractiveness in another. Attractiveness was correlated with participation in parental behaviors but not with defensive and agonistic behaviors. The mean paternal expenditures (PE) were nearly identical in populations with color bands and in those without. Overall, males contributed 43%-45% of the total time expenditure during daytime hours. If parental investment increases nonlinearly with PE (the accelerating-cost hypothesis), estimates of expenditure are conservative estimates of differences in parental investment, at least at the extremes. Results reported here, combined with those reported previously, collectively show that unattractive birds have higher parental investment per offspring, shorter life spans, and lower long-term reproductive success than same-sex attractive birds. Results lend support to the idea that reproductive effort has a cost, a seldom-tested evolutionary principle; they show how individuals may profitably manipulate a finite supply of reproductive resources; and they demonstrate a mechanism by which sexual selection can operate in species with substantial biparental care.