Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: systematic review
Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: systematic review
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.38216.714560.55
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发表时间：
2004-10-02
影响因子：
105.7
通讯作者：
Petticrew, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ogilvie, D;Egan, M;Petticrew, M
目的评估哪些干预措施能有效地促进人口从开车向步行和骑自行车的转变，并评估这种干预对健康的影响。数据来源电子数据库、书目、网站和参考文献列表中任何语言的已发表和未发表的报告。综述方法系统的搜索和评价，以确定实验或观察性研究，采用前瞻性或对照的回溯性设计，通过测量当地人口的结果来评估应用于城市人口或地区的任何干预措施。结果22项研究符合纳入标准。我们发现一些证据表明，有针对性的行为改变计划可以改变有动机的亚群的行为，导致(在最大的研究中)在人口层面上所有出行的大约5%的转变。对通勤补贴和新建火车站的单独研究也显示了积极的效果。关于宣传活动、工程措施和其他干预措施的最佳可用证据的平衡表明，它们并不有效。积极通勤试验的参与者在某些健康和健身指标上经历了短期的改善，但我们没有发现良好的证据表明任何有效的人口层面干预对健康的影响。结论现有的最好证据表明，促进模式转变的有效性是有针对性的行为改变计划，但其影响的社会分布尚不清楚，其他一些类型的干预尚未得到严格评估。
Objectives To assess what interventions are effective in promoting a population shift from using cars towards walking and cycling and to assess the health effects of such interventions.Data sources Published and unpublished reports in any language identified from electronic databases, bibliographies, websites, and reference lists.Review methods Systematic search and appraisal to identify experimental or observational studies with a prospective or controlled retrospective design that evaluated any intervention applied to an urban population or area by measuring outcomes in members of the local population.Results 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found some evidence that targeted behaviour change programmes can change the behaviour of motivated subgroups, resulting (in the largest study) in a shift of around 5% of all trips at a population level. Single studies of commuter subsidies and a new railway station also showed positive effects. The balance of best available evidence about publicity campaigns, engineering measures, and other interventions suggests that they have not been effective. Participants in trials of active commuting experienced short term improvements in certain measures of health and fitness, but we found no good evidence on effects on health of any effective intervention at population level.Conclusions The best available evidence of effectiveness in promoting a modal shift is for targeted behaviour change programmes, but the social distribution of their effects is unclear and some other types of intervention have yet to be rigorously evaluated.