Contribution of Fisheries and Aquaculture to Food Security and Poverty Reduction: Assessing the Current Evidence
Contribution of Fisheries and Aquaculture to Food Security and Poverty Reduction: Assessing the Current Evidence
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DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.007
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Williams, Meryl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bene, Christophe;Arthur, Robert;Williams, Meryl
根据对2003年至2014年发表的202篇文章的精确评估协议，本文评估了现有证据，说明捕捞渔业和水产养殖如何以及在多大程度上有助于改善发展中国家和新兴国家的营养，粮食安全和经济增长。在此过程中，我们评估证据的质量和科学严谨性，确定文献中出现的关键结论，并评估这些结论是否在不同来源之间一致。评估结果表明，虽然一些具体专题得到了一致和严格的记录，从而证实了文献中的一些说法，但其他研究领域仍然缺乏分类数据或适当的方法来得出一致和有力的结论。更具体地说，分析表明，虽然鱼类对营养和粮食安全作出了不可否认的贡献，但渔业/水产养殖与减贫之间的联系复杂，而且仍不清楚。特别是，关于渔业对减贫的贡献的国家和家庭一级研究缺乏良好的概念模型，得出的结果不一致。就水产养殖而言，国家和家庭研究往往侧重于出口价值链，并采用不同的方法。它们表明，收养者在一定程度上减轻了贫困，并可能取得其他积极成果，但这些成果还取决于小规模农业的情况，以及收养是紧急的还是由于发展援助干预。渔业贸易对粮食安全和减贫的影响不明确，而且由于侧重于国际贸易和缺乏一致的方法而令人困惑。主要驱动因素（权力下放、气候变化、人口结构转型）的影响仍然没有得到充分的记录，因此人们对其了解甚少。最后，评价显示，循证研究和政策叙述往往脱节，一些最有力和持久的政策叙述缺乏任何有力和严格的循证验证。基于这些不同的结果，本文确定了决策者，发展实践者和研究人员面临的六个关键差距。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Following a precise evaluation protocol that was applied to a pool of 202 articles published between 2003 and 2014, this paper evaluates the existing evidence of how and to what extent capture fisheries and aquaculture contribute to improving nutrition, food security, and economic growth in developing and emergent countries. In doing so we evaluate the quality and scientific rigor of that evidence, identify the key conclusions that emerge from the literature, and assess whether these conclusions are consistent across the sources. The results of the assessment show that while some specific topics are consistently and rigorously documented, thus substantiating some of the claims found in the literature, other areas of research still lack the level of disaggregated data or an appropriate methodology to reach consistency and robust conclusions. More specifically, the analysis reveals that while fish contributes undeniably to nutrition and food security, the links between fisheries/aquaculture and poverty alleviation are complex and still unclear. In particular national and household level studies on fisheries' contributions to poverty alleviation lack good conceptual models and produce inconsistent results. For aquaculture, national and household studies tend to focus on export value chains and use diverse approaches. They suggest some degree of poverty alleviation and possibly other positive outcomes for adopters, but these outcomes also depend on the small-scale farming contexts and on whether adoption was emergent or due to development assistance interventions. Impacts of fish trade on food security and poverty alleviation are ambiguous and confounded by a focus on international trade and a lack of consistent methods. The influences of major drivers (decentralization, climate change, demographic transition) are still insufficiently documented and therefore poorly understood. Finally the evaluation reveals that evidence-based research and policy narratives are often disconnected, with some of the strongest and long-lasting policy narratives lacking any strong and rigorous evidence-based validation. Building on these different results, this paper identifies six key gaps facing policy-makers, development practitioners, and researchers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.